Abstract: Cyclic waterflooding is an important method to improve oil recovery of vertically heterogeneous reservoir. The experiment results showed that it was difficult to enhance oil recovery by means of imbibition after a certain degree of waterflooding. Coreflooding experiments confirmed the effectiveness of cyclic waterflooding to increase oil recovery for the vertically heterogeneous reservoir and the increase trend to lower as more cycles were applied. The mechanical mechanism of cyclic waterflooding was investigated by means of capillary bundle model. Imbibition will play a role until the force field on the fluid is balanced. The main mechanism for the cyclic waterflooding method is related to the change of capillary pressure instead of the absolute value of the capillary pressure. Additional pressure between the layers with different permeability which is induced by the change of water injection scheme can cause the corresponding change of capillary pressure in the reservoir. The research provides some insight to improve the understanding and practice of cyclic waterflooding.

Key words: Imbibition,    , Cyclic waterflooding,    , Capillary pressure,    ,  Additional pressure

摘要： 周期注水是提高纵向非均质性油藏采出程度的一种重要方法。由渗吸实验及周期注水物理模拟实 验结果可知, 岩心在经过一定程度水驱后, 再进行渗吸, 很难继续提高采收率。对纵向非均质性较强的油藏进行周 期注水, 采出程度有明显提高, 但随周期数的增加, 采出程度的增幅呈递减趋势。通过毛管束模型对非均质油藏周 期注水过程中的力学机理进行分析, 可以得出, 渗吸作用停止的条件是毛管中的流体达到受力平衡; 连续注水采出 程度趋于稳定后转为周期注水, 此时周期注水的主要影响因素为毛管力的变化量, 而与毛管力的大小无直接关系; 高低渗层之间由于注水波动引起的附加压差是促使毛管力发生改变的诱因。

关键词: 渗吸,  , 周期注水, 毛管力, 附加压差