As the global energy structure transitions toward cleaner and more sustainable sources, natural gas, as a low?carbon and environmentally friendly fossil fuel, continues to see increasing consumption. However, with the ongoing expansion of natural gas pipeline networks, the growing coverage areas, and the significant increases in both transportation distances and volumes, the safe operation of pipelines is facing unprecedented challenges, with pipeline leakage emerging as a particularly critical issue. In response to the long?term monitoring needs of oil and gas pipeline leaks, based on the principle of negative pressure wave detection, a highly efficient and reliable pipeline leakage monitoring simulation system was developed using LabVIEW, a powerful graphical programming platform. This system incorporates advanced sensor networks, data communication technologies, and signal processing algorithms. It was used for the leakage monitoring of oil and gas pipelines, and its performance was verified through experiments. The results show that the system is capable of detecting pipeline leakage and rapidly locating leakage points through efficient algorithms, providing crucial information for timely repair and ensuring the safety and stability of oil and gas pipelines.