Adopt solvent refining and chemical caustic washing method to enrich and extract phenolic compounds from Fushun shale oil, then analyzed and identified with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fushun shale oil is extracted with N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent, and the extracted phase of oil the initially enriched phenolic compound is obtained. The phenolic compounds are converted into phenol sodium salt dissolved in the inorganic phase by chemical caustic washing method, then reverse extract via acidification after separation to obtain phenolic compounds. Through the analysis and identification, the relative mass fraction of phenolic compounds in Fushun shale oil will be increased from 4.06% to 73.74% after enrichment. 49 kinds of phenolic compounds are identified in the extracted products, mainly for phenol class, including C3 phenol compounds with the highest mass fraction at 27.69%, and followed by C2 and C4 phenols at 19.18% and 15.96%, respectively.