he biomass conversion to small molecule by gasification through pyrolysis is an important driving force to realize the replacement of fossil energy with bioenergy. Gasification through microwave⁃assisted pyrolysis is a common route for conversion of biomass to desired bioenergy and bioproducts. The review describes the technology of microwave enhanced pyrolysis and microwave⁃assisted catalytic gasification. In addition, this review discusses both the challenges and opportunities of biomass pyrolysis using microwave heating and the milestones that are necessary to be obtained in the future