Abstract: The conventional technologies of reducing heavy oil viscosity exit the shortages of affecting the quality of crude oil, heavy workload, high cost and other defects. Therefore, new method of heavy oil viscosity reduction based on hydrocarbondegrading bacteria was discussed. A hydrocarbondegrading bacterium was isolated in the laboratory. Its growth curve and its function of reducing viscosity and wax in heavy oil were studied. The results showed that the reduction rate of crude oil ranged from 22.49% to 32.93% and wax precipitation point decreased from the 44.4 ℃ to 39.5 ℃. The same as wax content dropped from 13.00% to 3.80%. The resin content dropped from 16.45% to 13.75%. After adding D1 strain, wax removal rate was 70.08% and wax precipitation point fell 4.9 ℃. The strain had a significant effect on reducing the viscosity of heavy oil and wax content.

Key words: Heavy oil viscosity, Microbial wax removal, Hydrocarbondegrading bacteria, Wax precipitation temperature, Wax content, Resin degradation

摘要： 传统稠油降黏技术存在影响油品质量、工作量大、成本过高等缺陷，因此研究了一种基于解烃菌的稠油降黏新方法。在实验室培养、筛选出一株解烃菌，测定该菌的最佳生长条件，研究其稠油降黏、清蜡、降解胶质性能。结果表明，该菌种对稠油的降黏率为22.49%～32.93%，稠油析蜡点由44.4 ℃降低到39.5 ℃;蜡质量分数由13.00%下降到3.80%，胶质质量分数由16.45%下降到13.75%;加入菌株后，稠油的清蜡率为70.08%，稠油析蜡点的降幅为4.9 ℃。由此可以看出，该菌株对稠油有显著的降黏、清蜡效果。

关键词: 稠油降黏, 微生物清蜡, 解烃菌, 析蜡点, 蜡质量分数, 胶质降解