辽宁石油化工大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 51-58.DOI: 10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2026.03.007

• 石油与天然气工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

电脉冲压裂储层岩石机理与数值模拟研究

仝少凯1(), 岳艳芳1, 罗海云2(), 王清宇2   

  1. 1.中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司 长庆井下技术作业公司,陕西 西安 710018
    2.清华大学 电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-09-17 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-10
  • 通讯作者: 罗海云
  • 作者简介:仝少凯(1987-),男,博士,工程师,从事非常规油气储层增产改造新技术与工程试验方面的研究;E⁃mail:sktong1987@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油川庆钻探工程公司科技攻关项目(CQ2024B?23?5?4?Z)

Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Electrical Pulse Fracturing in Reservoir Rocks

Shaokai TONG1(), Yanfang YUE1, Haiyun LUO2(), Qingyu WANG2   

  1. 1.Changqing Downhole Technology Company,CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi'an Shaanxi 710018,China
    2.Department of Electrical Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-09-17 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-10
  • Contact: Haiyun LUO

摘要:

在全球能源结构转型的背景下,电脉冲压裂技术已成为非常规油气储层绿色开发的重要手段。该技术通过高压脉冲放电产生可控冲击波,实现储层多尺度裂缝网络的构建与高效破岩。聚焦电脉冲压裂破岩机理与数值模拟研究,系统分析了电脉冲放电的原理及其能量转换过程;建立放电冲击波与TNT爆炸冲击波的等效模型,揭示了电脉冲冲击波在砂岩与页岩储层中通过剪切、空化及拉伸作用的致裂机制,并量化了冲击波随传播距离衰减的致裂效果差异;基于Autodyn平台构建TNT爆炸模型,并对砂岩与页岩的损伤进行了监测。结果表明,岩性参数对冲击波能量衰减路径与损伤模式具有显著控制作用;砂岩储层需优先优化脉冲能量以激发多向裂缝网络,而页岩储层则需要通过作用距离的调控实现主裂缝的定向扩展。

关键词: 电脉冲压裂, 冲击波, 破岩机理, 数值模拟, 损伤模式

Abstract:

Amid global energy transition, electrical pulse fracturing has emerged as a key technology for environmentally sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources,as it uses controllable shockwaves generated by high?voltage pulse discharge to construct multi?scale fracture networks and achieve efficient rock fragmentation. This study focuses on the rock?breaking mechanisms and numerical simulation of electrical pulse fracturing. The principles of pulse discharge and energy conversion processes are systematically analyzed, with an equivalent model established between discharge?induced shockwaves and TNT explosion shockwaves. The fracturing mechanisms?including shear, cavitation, tensile effects are elucidated for sandstone and shale reservoirs, and the attenuation of fracturing efficacy with increasing distance is quantitatively evaluated. Using TNT explosion simulations performed on the Autodyn platform and damage monitoring in sandstone and shale, lithological parameters are found to critically govern shockwave energy attenuation paths and damage patterns. Specifically,sandstone reservoirs require pulse energy optimization to activate multidirectional fracture networks, whereas shale reservoirs call for distance modulation to guide the propagation of dominant fractures.

Key words: Electrical pulse fracturing, Shockwave, Rock?breaking mechanisms, Numerical simulation, Damage patterns

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引用本文

仝少凯, 岳艳芳, 罗海云, 王清宇. 电脉冲压裂储层岩石机理与数值模拟研究[J]. 辽宁石油化工大学学报, 2026, 46(3): 51-58.

Shaokai TONG, Yanfang YUE, Haiyun LUO, Qingyu WANG. Mechanism and Numerical Simulation of Electrical Pulse Fracturing in Reservoir Rocks[J]. Journal of Liaoning Petrochemical University, 2026, 46(3): 51-58.

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链接本文: https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/CN/10.12422/j.issn.1672-6952.2026.03.007

               https://journal.lnpu.edu.cn/CN/Y2026/V46/I3/51