The Mn?Zr composite oxides were prepared by co?precipitation,loading with noble metals(Ru,Pd,Pt) on the surfaces by a following impregnation method.The effects of noble metals on catalytic combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) were further investigated.The structure and chemical state,the oxidation?reduction ability and acidity,the distribution of acid over the noble metal loading catalysts were studied.Noble metals exist in the form of oxidation state on catalyst surface to promote the reduction of Mn?Zr composite oxides and improve the redox ability of the catalysts. In addition,noble metals not only increased total acid amount but also changed the distribution of Br?nsted and Lewis acid centers on catalyst surface.Therefore, the noble metal made the completely VC conversion temperature shift to lower temperature.However,the activities of noble metals for catalytic combustion of VC varied with the kind of noble metal.Among them,Ru had the more positively activity enhancement than that of Pd and Pt.The catalytic temperatures were 206 and 243 °C, when the VC conversion over Ru/MZ(Ru/Mn_0.7Zr_0.3O_x) reached to 50% (t₅₀) and 90% (t₉₀),respectively,which were 69 and 71 °C lower than that using Mn?Zr composite oxide.Meanwhile,the loading of noble metals also changed the composition of chlorinated by?products and reduced their concentration.The total concentration of chlorinated by?products over Ru/MZ catalyst was only 5.7 μL/L with 90% VC conversion rate,which was 70% lower than MZ composite oxide at the same conversion rate.

A type of silicone elastomer PDMS?GA?TAPA was prepared based on the Schiff?Base reaction by cross?linking α,ω?aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS?NH₂),glutaraldehyde (GA) and tris(4?aminophenyl)amine (TAPA).The structure of PDMS?GA?TAPA was characterized by FT?IR, ¹H?NMR and PDMS?GA?TAPA, which showed excellent chemical and thermal stability proved by high temperature dissolution experiments.The PDMS?GA?TAPA has excellent mechanical strength,with tensile strength up to 3.6 MPa and elongation at break up to 112%. In addition, the mechanical properties of PDMS?GA?TAPA can be regulated and optimized by adjusting the crosslinking density of PDMS?GA?TAPA.When the PDMS?GA?TAPA was treated on a heating table at 100 ℃ for 1 h, the elastomer could realize self?healing with efficiency up to 83%.

A series of S, P, Si?doped TiO₂ supports and the corresponding VO_x/TiO₂ catalysts were prepared by sol?gel method and impregnation method for the purpose of enhancing SCR performance.Among them,the S?doped VO_x/TiO₂ catalyst exhibited the best low and medium temperature SCR performance and the widest active temperature window.According to the results of various analyses,the doping greatly influenced the agglomeration of vanadium species.As a result, numerous active polymeric VO_x species were emerged on the surface of catalysts.Meanwhile,S and Si was doped into TiO₂ lattice via the replacement of Ti⁴⁺ by S⁴⁺ and Si⁴⁺ to generate Ti-O-S and Ti-O-Si bonds,along with producing more surface V⁴⁺+V³⁺ and more chemisorbed oxygen species.The synergistic effect of the two active species can promote the oxidation of NO to NO₂,which can participate in the fast?SCR reaction by accelerating the reoxidation of VO_x species in the Redox process,and then improve the SCR performance of VO_x/TiO₂ catalyst at low and medium temperature range.The redox ability and activity of P?doped VO_x/TiO₂ catalyst are relatively low,because more phosphate is produced in the catalyst.Although doping S,P and Si has a significant effect on the acidity of the catalyst,it is not the dominate factor to determine the SCR activity.

A single?mode focused microwave synthesis system was used to rapidly synthesize MIL?53(Fe).The effect of reaction additive hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) on the crystal structure, morphology, and particle size of MIL?53(Fe), as well as the microwave synthesis conditions on catalytic performance of MIL?53(Fe) were investigated using 10 mg/L Rhodamine B as a target contaminant. The results show that the addition of CTAB reduces the size of MIL?53(Fe) and makes the shape more regular. When the microwave power is 75 W,the temperature is 100 ℃,the synthesis time is 1 h,n(FeCl₃·6H₂O)/n (CTAB)=1∶0.5,the catalyst dosage is 0.2 g/L,the degradation rate of Rhodamine B can be more than 90% in 100 minutes under the radiation of 300 W tungsten lamp. It was known from free radical capture experiments that holes and ·OH were the main active species in the photocatalytic process.

Natural, artificial and dynamic fractures are always induced by water injection in the peripheral low?permeability fractured reservoirs of Daqing. The water breakthrough types of production wells are different due to the complex fracture system, and the water breakthrough rules and causes are complex as well, which increase the difficulty of measure adjustment. In order to improve the water flooding effect of low permeability fractured reservoir, the water breakthrough types of single well, taking C45Z block in the CYG oilfield as the research object, were divided based on the fracture formation characteristics of the block reservoir. The water breakthrough rules and forming causes were systematically analyzed from dynamic and static data, so as to point out the resolution strategy for the adjustment of measures. Using the optimized methods, the average daily oil production of the sample well group increased by 1.0 t, the water cut was reduced by 12.0%, and the cumulative oil production increase in each stage was 2 051.6 t until March 2021. In this way, the adjustment mode of classified treatment measures initially formed.

Bohai L oilfield has undergone multiple adjustments since it was exploited, such as well pattern internal infilling, changing well patterns, and reversing lines. The scattered distribution of remaining oil on the flat and extremely complicated vertical flooding law resulted in difficulty for tapping the remaining oil. Based on the data of core, well logging, seismic, production dynamic and other results, the thick reservoir can be comprehensively characterized, so as to guide the remaining oil fine characterization and potential development. The results show that the plane contact styles of single sand body is mainly in butt type, and the vertical overlap mainly in cut type. The remaining oil of the southern vertical accretion type leaf body is mainly concentrated near the vicinity of the fault, the buried hill area and the sand?body deposition margin, which can be tapped using directional wells. The remaining oil of the central prophase frond is mainly concentrated in the top of the thick sand body and the lower part of the thin interbe, which can be tapped using horizontal wells.

In view of the particularity of development, the lack of optimization and practice of production improvement measures for offshore low?permeability oilfields has led to severe challenges for its economic and efficient development. The research region is a typical offshore low?permeability oil reservoir, affected by the factors of nonlinear seepage, reservoir pollution, and strong constrained by unfavorable factors such as heterogeneity, which shows low productivity, rapid decline rate, and high?water content. Based on the productivity mathematical model combining porous media seepage theory and reservoir starting pressure gradient under multiple development methods, the production improvement effects of different development methods for the research region are predicted and compared in the actual geological conditions, which provides strong support for the optimization of production improvement methods, the formulation of reasonable development plans, and production deployment. The results show that the coincidence rate between the existing actual production data and equation calculation results is reached up to 85%. The development advantage of horizontal wells over vertical wells will decrease as the layer thickness increases. When the layer thickness exceeds 45 meters, the productivity ratio of these two wells is less than 5. For thin layer development, staged fracturing is suggested below 15 mD horizontal wells, but multilateral wells otherwise. This study will provide theoretical guidance and practical reference for the optimization of production improvement measures and development plan adjustments in offshore low?permeability oilfields.

For improving reservoir permeability and increasing oil well production, fracture network fracturing is often chosen for tight oil reservoirs with longitudinal direction multi?layer development. A transient flow model for multi?layer fracture network fracturing in vertical wells is established. After fracturing, each layer is divided into artificial fracture area, stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) area and unstimulated reservoir volume area. The Blasingame production decline curves are drawn and analyzed. The curve is divided into 7 flow stages. When the total fracture length is fixed, the fluid seepage of the half?length fracture firstly reaches the unstimulated reservoir volume area. The fluid seepage resistance is large, and the Blasingame curve is in lower region. When the total stimulated reservoir volume is fixed during the simulation, the larger the difference of each layer exist in the stimulated reservoir volume of the reconstruction, the lower the Blasingame curve stay. The established model is used to interpret the measured production data and the relevant formation parameters, such as the fracture half?length of each layer and the permeability of the stimulated reservoir volume area, are obtained. This model has directive significance for the production analysis of vertical wells with multi?layer fracture network fracturing.

In order to further improve the recovery of reservoir after polymer flooding, the concentrations of pre?crosslinked gel particles (PPG) and three component composite systems were optimized in the adaptive system after polymer flooding through the laboratory investigation. The experimental results show that, when PPG concentration and polymer concentration are 400 and 1 200 mg/L, and injection volume is 0.5 PV in the adaptive system, the self?adaptive flooding system after polymer flooding further enhanced the oil recovery by 18.25%, and the total oil recovery reached the best of 71.2%. Compared with polymer flooding stage, the cumulative imbibition ratio of high permeability layer decreased by 15.00%, the cumulative imbibition ratio of medium and low permeability layers increased by 6.50% and 8.97%, respectively. The recovery of medium and low permeability layers increased by 5.07% and 9.49% respectively, the recovery rate of high permeability layer only increases by 3.63%. It can be seen that the optimized system can play a better role in profile control.

Well A in Lüda oilfield is a thermal recovery well injecting with 350 ℃ high temperature and pressure steam for exploiting of heavy oil. The hydraulic control pipelines of the downhole monitoring equipments are corroded seriously. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron energy spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out for the corrosion test of hydraulic control pipelines. Meanwhile, the ion and corrosive gas compositions of produced water were analyzed. The results show that the main cause of the pipeline corrosion is from H₂S corrosion under high temperature, pressure and salinity conditions, accompanied by a small amount of chlorine and CO₂ corrosion. Under simulated site temperature, pressure and medium conditions, test pieces made of 316L, Inconel 625, P110 and 9Cr1Mo were selected and evaluated by dynamic simulation corrosion tests. Furthermore, weight loss method was used to evaluate the corrosion performance of the four materials. The results show that Inconel 625 material has the best corrosion resistance effect in heavy oil thermal recovery environment.

Taking the gas storage tank in a gas?liquid linkage actuator of a gas transmission pipeline as an example, the software Ansys Fluent was used to establish a 3D model with the same proportion, to simulate the change of pressure and temperature with continuous heat input when external fire occur. Aspen Hysys was used to calculate the minimum PSV diameter required for safe discharge under fire conditions. The results show that the temperature and pressure of the tank rise sharply, reaching to the steel tank collapse temperature and design pressure in a very short time, when the external fire occurs. The time to reach the collapse temperature of steel tank is lagged behind the time to reach the design pressure of the gas tank. From a security perspective, the PSV should be set, which can also help to reduce the damage of the accidents even if the tanks collapse. The minimum diameter of the PSV calculated by Aspen Hysys is 0.13 cm², and the recommended diameter of the PSV is no less than 0.15 cm².

In order to facilitate the pipeline transportation of Liaohe heavy oil, the water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate are two important research parameters. Influence mechanism of the types and mass fractions of surfactants, organic alkalis and the Ca²⁺ on stability and rheology of Liaohe heavy oil emulsion were investigated through the viscosity reduction experiments of heavy oil emulsification . The results of the study indicate that different surfactants have diverse molecular structures, which would induce different properties at oil?water interface, leading to greater differences in the rheology and stability of the emulsion. Amphoteric surfactant LAO?30 was used to configure the Liaohe heavy oil O/W emulsion, its water separation rate and viscosity reduction rate decrease with the increasing of the mass fraction of LAO?30. The surfactant LAO?30 mixed with organic alkali, such as TEA, ETA, and TEOA, shows synergistic effect of the two components and improves the stability of the emulsion. Considering the viscosity reduction rate, water separation rate, and environmental protection of the emulsion, the optimized quality fraction of 0.20% ETA and 0.75% LAO?30 are selected. The emulsions obtained by emulsificating have a great improvement in the resistance to hard water. When the mass fraction of CaCl₂ reaches 0.20%, the water separation rate within 6 hours of the emulsion is 24.4%.

To solve the problems of reducing plug removal effect and lower effective period in Bohai Sea oilfield, strategy by expanding plug removal radius, optimizing plug removal agent system to enhance plug removal effect is considered. Through process research and optimization, a new deep penetration plug removal technology has been figured out. Deep penetration plugging removal technology mainly includes three process, including matrix plugging removal, fracture reduction and deep reservoir plugging removal. The mechanism of deep penetration plugging removal technology is studied forming a set of applicable technology. In view of the plugging problem in polymer injection wells in Jinzhou oilfield, a composite plugging remover was optimized, based on the results of polymer solution viscosity reduction, simulation of polymer?containing plugging material, and actual degradation of polymer?containing plugging material. Construction program was formed by considering the process program, and applied in the field. The effect of increasing liquid and oil is improved .

This paper investigated fluid properties of the reservoir,composition of the reservoir rock,and microbial growth in a Bohai oilfield,where the concentration of hydrogen sulfide continued to rise. The results indicate that biogenic origin is the main reason of hydrogen sulfide.In order to solve the problem that hydrogen sulfide content exceeds standard value,evaluation experiments of different types of desulfurizers were carried out to investigate the effects of mass concentration of desulfurizer,pH,water content and desulfurization time on desulfurization effect. The results show that 1, 3, 5?triazine derivative desulfurizer TL?13 shows the highest efficiency of desulfurizing.The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in turbine fuel gas decrease from 150 to 8 μg/g after desulfurization by desulfurizer TL?13,and reaches the standard of turbine fuel gas.This paper provided technical support and practical experience for treatment of hydrogen sulfide in offshore oilfield.

The geological structure of the pipeline route area under the jurisdiction of South China company of PipeChina is complex and changeable, the water network is dense along the line. The increasing oil transportation tasks and various external unfavorable safety factors have made it an important and arduous task to ensure the long?term safe, stable and efficient operation of the product oil pipeline. In response to this situation, a set of integrity management system documents and corresponding management platforms suitable for the product oil pipelines had been established, a series of core supporting technologies such as hazard identification and evaluation, monitoring and early warning, inspection evaluation and maintenance decision?making had been development, the long?distance pipeline management model of "system construction + software development + technology research and development" had been explored and applied. Through the application of the company's 6 103 km product oil pipeline, the accident rate has been significantly reduced from 1.04×10^-3 times/(km·a) before implementation to 0.50×10^-3 times/(km·a). The established risk management model provides a strong guarantee for the improvement of the safety management level of the product oil pipeline.