Effect of Peptizator on Performance of MCM －２２ Zeolite Catalyst
YU Hai-qing, LI Jian-wei,SUN Xiao-yan, LI Ying-xia, et al
2009, 22 (1): 1-4.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 219KB ) ( ) 　　
A series of MCM －２２zeolite catalyst samples were prepared with nitric acid，hydrochloric acid ，acetic acid and formic acid as the peptizators．The zeolites were characterized by means of particle strength apparatus and TG －DTA apparatus to investigate the effect of peptizators on the physical properties of MCM －２２catalyst．The results show that the strength and total acid of zeolites with inorganic acid as peptizator are higher than the zeolites with organic acid．With the increasing nitric acid dosage，the mechanical strength of the zeolite catalyst increases at first and then decreases，with the maximal catalyst strength being obtained at a dosage of １０%．The total acid is enhanced by adding the appropriate amount of nitric acid．Taking the alkylation of benzene with propylene as a model reaction，the catalytic performances of the MCM － ２２ zeolite catalysts were evaluated by means of a semi－continuous gas －liquid reactor and a liquid－liquid continuous reactor．The experimental results show that activity and selectivity of zeolite in inorganic acid is stronger than that in organic acid．When the nitric acid dosage is
less than ２０％，the activity of MCM －２２ zeolite is increased with increasing of nitric acid dosage．The selectivity to cumene reaches a maximum value when nitric acid dosage is １０％．
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Preliminary Study on Drilling Wastewater Correlated With Three －Sulfonated Mud System Treatment With Aerobic Process
GUO Zhen-ying， Lv Rong-hu，ZHANG Hong-yan,et al
2009, 22 (1): 5-8.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 298KB ) ( ) 　　
Drilling wastewater correlated with three－sulfonated mud system hardly reach the standard just by coagulation process，and it costs too much by other physicochemical processes．According to these characteristics of drilling wastewater correlated with three－sulfonated mud system，UV／Fenton－aerobic process was intended to use． Water quality， oxygen uptake rate （OUR）and shake－flask culture method were mensurated to assess biodegradability of the drilling wastewater which was treated by UV／Fenton oxidation．After treating the wastewater，the dehydrogenase activity （DHA） of the activated sludge was tested．The results show that the wastewater have good biodegradable possibility．When the mixed liquor suspended
solids （MLSS） is 3000 mg／L，the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand （COD） can reach to 60.7% and the removal rate of biological oxygen demand （BOD） can reach to 9402% in 4 h by batch wastewater biotreatment．It proves that UV／Fenton-aerobic process is feasible to the drilling wastewater．
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Biodiesel Produced in Supercritical Methanol
XING Cun-zhang, TAN Ming-chen, Lv Hai-liang, GAO Fei
2009, 22 (1): 9-12.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 293KB ) ( ) 　　
 
In supercritical methanol reaction of zanthoxylum bungea maxim oil and single acid,the influence of reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of methanol to zanthoxylum bungea maxim oil(single acid) and acid value were discussed. Reaction kinetics in supercritical methanol was also investigated. The results show that more than 85% of the yield of aliphatic methyl esters can be obtained under the optimal reaction parameters such as temperature (300 ℃), pressure (15 MPa), reaction time (2 h) and molar ratio of methanol to zanthoxylum bungea maxim oil (6∶1). And more than 95% of single acid methyl esters can be obtained under the following conditions: the temperature is 300 ℃, the pressure is 15 MPa, the time is 2 h and molar ratio of methanol to single acid is 5∶1. The properties of biodiesel are very close to the  common diesel oil and mainly accord with the quality standard of American biodiesel.
 
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Effects of Phenols on Storage Stability of FCC Gasoline
WU Shi-kui，HUANG Ke-Ming，LIANG Chao-lin，CAO Guang-Jing
2009, 22 (1): 13-16.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 310KB ) ( ) 　　
Based on the test data correlation of the FCC gasoline composition, induction period and absorbance, influence law of phenols on storage stability of FCC gasoline were analyzed. The results show that the phenols compounds in the FCC gasoline are antioxidant and acidic catalyst of creating color and resins. The more phenols in the FCC gasoline, the longer the induction period is and the faster the color do. When phenols content in the FCC gasoline is more than 200 μg/g, induction period of  FCC gasoline is decrement as diene number increment; and storage absorbance is  increment as both diene number and basic nitrogen increment. Otherwise phenols content is less than 120 μg/g, the FCC gasoline color is steady，but induction period is shorter. The change of gasoline storage absorbance or induction period is smaller, when the diene value is from 0.7 to 2.6 g(I2)/(100 g). The phenols content is controlled by optimizing catalytic feed, controlling basic pre-wash deepness and optimizing various gasoline blend as well as adding antioxidant, so storage stability of gasoline is improved.
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Preparation of the Copolymer of Acrylate and N －Vinyl Pyrrolidone
CHEN Yu, LIU Yun-fei, TAN Hui-min
2009, 22 (1): 17-21.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 320KB ) ( ) 　　
The copolymer of PAANa －co－PVP was prepared by copolymerization of acrylate and N －vinyl pyrrolidone，intiated with the NH_３· H_２ O／H_２O_２redoxy intiator．The structure of the copolymer was characterized via FTIR method．It is educed that the reactivity ratio of AANa（r_１） and NVP（r_２） is 3.296 and 0.808 respectively，by analyzing the reactivity ratio results calculated by mathematical methods of FR，KT and YBR， via the aid of the test results of element analysis．The extrinsic cytotoxicity of the copolymer was evaluated through the 3-4,5－dimethylthiazol －2－yl －2,5－diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） reduction assay．It is found that the copolymer is biocompatible．
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Influencing Factors of Coking for Heavy Oil Catalytic Pyrolysis
YANG Lian-guo, MENG Xiang-hai, XU Chun-ming, GAO Jin-sen
2009, 22 (1): 22-25.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 313KB ) ( ) 　　
The coking performance for the catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil with temperature，weight ratios of catalyst －to－oil and steam－to－oil and residence time，was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor on catalyst CEP－1，with a special catalyst of catalytic pyrolysis process （CPP） technology．The coke content on catalyst decreases with the increase of the weight ratios of catalyst － to－oil and steam－to－oil and n（H）／n（C） of the feed，and it increases with the enhancement of reaction temperature and aromaticity of the feed．Coke yield increases with increasing reaction temperature，catalyst－to－oil weight ratio and aromaticity，while decreases with increasing steam－to－oil weight ratio and n（H）／n（C） of the feed．Both coke content and coke yield show minimum as residence time of oil gas prolongs．Both n（H）／n（C） and aromaticity of the feed can well reveal the coking tendency of a feed．On the basis of the experimental research，a correlation model of coke content and coke yield with feed property and reaction conditions was established．The parameters in the model were calculated by least square regression.
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Effect of Peptizers on Properties of Formed TiO₂ Supports
WANG Ji-yuan,GU Yue-feng,CHEN Shao-hui,et al
2009, 22 (1): 26-30.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 585KB ) ( ) 　　
Formed TiO_２ supports were prepared by extrusion process using TiO_２ powder as raw material．The influence of the kinds of peptizers，the contents of citric acid，the contents of nitric acid，and the binder/citric acid mass ratios on properties of the formed TiO_２ supports were investigated，and these supports were characterized by crushing strength test，BET and SEM methods．The results show that all the peptizers can improve the crushing strength of the formed TiO_２ supports；however， peptizers have little effect on the surface area of the supports． The added citric acid can remarkably increase the crushing strength of the formed TiO_２ supports，and the maximum value can be obtained when mass fraction of 3% citric acid is added． Addition of HNO_３ can increase the crushing strength and narrow the pore size distribution of the formed TiO₂ supports．It is also found that the formed TiO_２ supports with high crushing strength，narrow pore size distribution and little surface defects can be prepared using the suitable binder/citric acid mass ratio．Under the preparation conditions of nitric acid mass fraction of 3%，binder/citric acid mass ratio of 4:6 and calcination temperature of 700 ℃，the crushing strength，surface area and pore volume of the formed TiO_２ support can reach 125.8 N／cm，48.6 m^２ ／g and 0.33 cm^３ ／g，respectively．
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Prediction of Bioconcentration Factors of Nonionic
FENG Chang-jun，TANG Zi-qiang，YANG Wei-hua，MU Lai-long
2009, 22 (1): 31-35.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 243KB ) ( ) 　　
The Hall＇s electrotopological state indices （EIk ） for atom type have been calculated for165 nonionic organic compounds based on the characteristics of atom types．A satisfactory relationship between bioconcentration factor （lgBCF） and EIk of 122 nonionic organic compounds by Leaps－and－Bounds regression and Leave－One－Out cross validation （LOO） can be expressed．The model has an overall robustness，which could provide logical prediction for the lgBCF of 43 nonionic organic chemicals by means of Jackknife testing． The result shows that the model can be used to estimate and predict the BCF of nonionic organic compounds．
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Preparation of Extremely Pure Naphthalene From
XIONG Jie-ming, FENG Hui, GONG Liang-fa, ZHANG Li-ping
2009, 22 (1): 36-40.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 369KB ) ( ) 　　
Extremely pure naphthalene is the raw materials of some high level industrial products, and it can be attained from the industrial naphthalene fraction by desulphurization and purification. The primary impurity in industrial naphthalene fraction is the sulfide thionaphthene, which is very difficult to be removed off by ordinary separation methods. Oxidative desulphurization with oxidant hydrogen peroxide and catalyst formic acid was studied, and the effects of formic acid amount, hydrogen peroxide amount, reaction temperature and reaction time on desulphurization ratio were investigated experimentally. The result indicates that the desulphurization rate simply increases with the increasing of formic acid amount, but it increases at first and then goes down with the increasing of hydrogen peroxide amount, and there is an optical amount range. The viscosity decreases with the increasing of temperature, which is help to the mixing of oil and water phase, and thus to improve the reaction and the desulphurization rate, and the optical temperature is 89~92 ℃. Under the optimized condition of n(H)/n(F)=3.65, n(H)/n(S)=8.49, 89 ℃ and 60 min, the desulphurization rate can reach to 97.90%, and after purified the oil phase by distillation to remove the [KG*4]resultant [KG*4]and [KG*4]the non-sulfide impurity, the  content  of  naphthalene  in  the  product is  more  than 99.90%, and is clearly higher than the industrial product(97.06%).
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Hydrodynamic Adsorption of Cationic Polymer in Porous Media
LIU Jian-xin, ZHANG Ying-hua, REN Shao-ran
2009, 22 (1): 41-44.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 263KB ) ( ) 　　
Core flood experiments were carried out using unconsolidated SiC sand －packs at different injection rates under isothermal conditions． The thickness of adsorbed polymer layers could be calculated from the residual resistance factors
measured in core flood experiments．The results show that adsorption of cationic polymers in porous media is affected mainly by electrostatic attraction and hydrodynamic forces． At low polymer injection rates， polymer adsorption is dominated by electrostatic forces， while it is dominated by hydrodynamic forces at higher polymer injection rates． The adsorbed layer thickness increases linearly from 290 to 1510 nm with polymer injection rates．The adsorbed layer thickness is also affected by the brine injection rate in back－flush： high brine injection rate can increase the adsorption． Therefore， the adsorption of
polymers can be improved using higher rates in squeezing both polymer and back －flush brine solutions，and so the water control efficiency．
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Synthesis of 2,5 － Di － （tert － butyl）Hydroquinone
CHENG Li-hua，TENG Jun-jiang，WANG Shu-qing，ZHANG Jian-heng
2009, 22 (1): 45-48.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 238KB ) ( ) 　　
Synthesis of 2,5-di-(tert-butyl)hydroquinone(DBHQ) by alkylation of hydroquinone with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was studied. The optimum was discussed with the method of orthogonal design. The effects of reaction time,
molar ratio of hydroquinone and MTBE and solvent dosage on the yield of DBHQ were also investigated.The optimum conditions for synthesizing DBHQ are as follows: n(hydroquinone)/n(MTBE)) is 2.1∶1，n(hydroquinone)/n(catalyst) is 1∶0.1,the reaction temperature is about 90 ℃, the reaction time is 1.5 h,volume ratio of alcohol and water is 1∶2. Under the optimum conditions, the content of DBHQ in the product is above 99%, the average yield of DBHQ is 60%.
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Estimation and Prediction of Solubility and Octanol －Water Partition Coefficients of Dioxin －Like Aromatic Halide
CHEN Yan
2009, 22 (1): 49-52.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 200KB ) ( ) 　　
The Kier's sharp index ( mK ) (m=1,2,3) of dioxin-like aromatic halides（PCDDs，PCDFs，PCBs，PCDEs）were calculated based on molecular topological theory. The quantitative structure-property relationship models (QSPR) between solubility, octanol-water partition coefficients and mK were investigated with linear regression method. The calculated values from these models were agreeable with the experimental values well. Further more Jackknifed method was applied to examine the robustness of estimated models. The results show that these models proves applicable for their stability and predictability. 
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Optimization Experiment on Combinational Chemical Agent to Oil Sand Elution
LI Xiao-jun, CAI Wen-bin, LI Zhao-min, ZHANG Ming-hui
2009, 22 (1): 53-55.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 287KB ) ( ) 　　
The combinational chemical agent washing experiment was carried out in order to solve the problem of low oil sand elution efficiency by using water. The affection of NaOH, Na₂CO₃ , combinational chemical agent and XY series agent on elution ratio of oil sand of inner Mongolia Tumidi area was studied. The optimization combinational chemical agent was selected according to the oil sand elution ratio. The experiment result shows that in the experimental condition of agent with the oil sand quality ratio is 1∶1, the constant temperature 85 ℃ and heats up for 60 min, elution ratio of NaOH and Na₂CO₃  combinational chemical agent is better than single lye, when XY-1 and XY-2 combustion with alkali, the optimization prescription is NaOH(1.0%)+Na₂CO₃ (1.0%)＋XY-1(0.15%) and NaOH(1.0%)+Na₂CO₃ (1.5%)＋XY-2(0.10%).
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Gasoline Vapor Recovery Based on Integrated Technology of Absorption － Adsorption
HUANG Wei-qiu，XU Xiao-mei，LIN Yi，LIU Hai
2009, 22 (1): 56-60.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 339KB ) ( ) 　　
Two tests were designed to investigate activated carbon adsorbing gasoline vapor. In the inlet vapor-air mixture of the adsorption towers, the vapor volume fractions were 0.05 and 0.40, and the mixture flow were 40 m3/h and 65 m3/h respectively. The test results show that their recovery rate are above 95%, but test I appeared lower heat effect in carbon bed than test II, because the temperature increase in their beds were 43.1 ℃ and 72.2 ℃ respectively. A new integrated technology of absorption-adsorption for gasoline vapor recovery was developed. The recovery rate is up to 99.6%, and the outlet vapor volume fraction can be controlled below 0.003 2. Heat effect in the new carbon bed is the lowest, because the temperature increase in the bed is below 35 ℃. The integrated system will repay lower investment than the single absorption and higher safety than the single adsorption. The integrated system will appear distinct comprehensive benefit. 
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The Method of Measurement for Oil Film Shrink Velocity
JIANG Ping，ZHANG Gui-cai，GE Ji-jiang，LIU Hai-tao
2009, 22 (1): 61-64.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 391KB ) ( ) 　　
The velocity of the oil film scaling off the solid was used to estimate the surfactant to scale off the oil from the solid．The oil film shrank in the OP or Na₂CO₃ solution was researched．It shows that the oil shrank fastest in the OP－10 solution
and the shrink velocity is close in the OP－8 and OP－30.The oil shrank slowest in OP－40solution．In the Na₂CO₃ solution the area of oil do not change ，but the thickness of the oil changed．It indicates that the OP molecule adsorbs on the water －solid surface and reduces the water －solid interfacial tension．The balance in the contact point is broken and the oil film shrinks．In
the Na₂CO₃ solution，although the oil －water interfacial tension is changed，the solid－water interfacial tension is not changed so that the oil film area do not shrink．The Na₂CO₃ reacts with the petroleum acid and the surface－active substance distribute asymmetrically，so that it causes the interfacial tension gradient and non－uniform thickness．
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Effect of Length －to－Diameter Ratio of Mixing Elements on Flow Field in Kenics Static Mixer
GONG Bin, BAO Zhong-ping, HUANG Na, WU Jian-hua
2009, 22 (1): 65-68.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 495KB ) ( ) 　　
The velocity distribution of the tube in the kenics static mixer was simulated by using the CFD software．And flow field of partial type static mixer was measured by using LDV （Laser Doppler Velocity）． The discussions were given to the
effect of length －to－diameter ratio of mixing elements on the velocity distribution and turbulent property in kenics static mixer．The results show that the trend of the velocity of different direction and turbulent kinetic energy along axis is changeless with the variety of the length －to－diameter ratio of mixing elements ．But the value of amplitude is influenced．When the length－to－diameter ratio of mixing elements is little，the value of amplitude of velocity of different direction and the slope is bigger．The effect of the radial velocity is obvious and that of axial velocity is minor．With the length－to－diameter ratio of mixing elements diminution，the turbulence degree and turbulent kinetic energy enhanced and the increasing of the velocity is greater than the variation of velocity.
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Flame Heat Radiation Hazard Analysis of Elevated Flare Under Accident Condition
CHENG Qi，ZHANG Li-jing，TAO Gang，SONG Hui-hui
2009, 22 (1): 69-72.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 255KB ) ( ) 　　
Flame radiation hazard of petrochemical plants' flare systems was studied from fluid dynamic. CFD technique was used to simulate flame radiation under 500 t/h discharge and radiation field around flare was established. The software Statistica was used to fit the relationship between heat radiation intensity and horizontal distance to the center of flame. Based on safe heat radiation intensity 81.5 m is obtained as the safety distance for personnel on the ground according to the requirement of the standard SH3009-2001. This safety distance is important for emergency response and personal protection.
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Temperature Drop of Shutdown the Exposed Pipeline
LI Jin，WANG Ping，WANG Hong-xia，WU Ming
2009, 22 (1): 73-75.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 324KB ) ( ) 　　
For the exposed crude oil pipelines，the heat capacity of oil in pipelines was much smaller than that in surrounding soil，so the cooling rate of exposed line was much faster than that of the buried line．And it becomes the key to limit shutdown time of oil transport line．Based on the bare hot oil pipeline thermal and hydraulic characteristics， established a pipeline shutdown temperature drop mathematical model．Use finite difference method after simplifying the model，changed the heat transfer partial differential equations into a system of linear equations，then used iterative method to calculate．Compile program diagram of the shutdown temperature drop of temperature field，calculated temperature distribution during different shutdown time．Compared the temperature of the governing center， 1/2 radius of the wall， developed a viable intermittent oil
transportation program．
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Singular Stress Fields and Fracture for Periodic － Arrayed Indentation （Part I ：Stress Intensity Factors）
WANG Xiao-hua, ZHAO Ping
2009, 22 (1): 76-81.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 418KB ) ( ) 　　
Based on the conservation law， a very simple method to formulize the stress intensity factors for the multi －indentation under the rigid punches was proposed ．Some of the closed form expressions of the stress intensity factor were derived for the different indentation．The interactive effect of singular stress fields of the multi －indentation was investigated． The equivalent relationship between the periodic cracks and periodic indentations was discussed also． An equivalent crack method had been found．The numerical analysis indicates that the proposed method in present paper has enough precision for engineering applications．
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KPCA － RVM Modeling Method and Its Application for Soft Sensor
YAN Xue－feng, CHEN Jia, HU Chun－ping, QIAN Feng
2009, 22 (1): 82-85.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 282KB ) ( ) 　　
A novel modeling method integrated KPCA with RVM was proposed． The kernel primary component analysis （KPCA） was employed to identify the principal components from the nonlinear transform data of independent variables，which were regarded as character variables．Regression between character variables and dependent variables was done based on RVM，and the optimal number of the character variables was adaptively determined according to the generalization performance of the regression model．Thus ，KPCA－RVM method could eliminate the disturbance of redundant information and achieve the best nonlinear model with good generalization performance．The method of KPCA－RVM was demonstrated by a 4－CBA’s content soft －sensing of PTA．Simulation results show this method is effective and the performance is better than those of PCA－RVM and RVM．
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Compressor Valve Fault Diagnosis Based on Wavelet Packet Entropy and SVM
CUI Hou-xi, ZHANG Lai-bin, WANG Zhao-hui,et al
2009, 22 (1): 86-88.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 158KB ) ( ) 　　
The feature extraction and the failure identification model construction was extremely difficult due to the nonstationarity and nonlinearity of the compressor valve vibration signal and the little failure sample．According to the above
characteristic，the information with good fault －tolerance ability was extracted as the feature parameter，which outlines the overall statistical characteristic of the signal．The extracted wavelet packet entropy was used as the input vector to construct the decision function and establish the valve wear failure SVM classifier based on the available failure sample．The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness of the model in the nonstationarity signal feature extraction and nonlinearity pattern classification with small sample，and this model provides a practical valve wear failure diagnostic method.
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Multi － Fieldbus Distributed Control System Based on Multi － Agent System
ZHANG Lie-ping, ZHANG Yun-sheng, CHENG Da-fang
2009, 22 (1): 89-92.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 327KB ) ( ) 　　
According to the architecture and the characteristics of multi －fieldbus distributed control system，a novel multi －fieldbus distributed control oriented hierarchical and distributed multi －Agent system （MAS） architecture was constructed and
designed．The MAS was composed of system control Agent ，region control Agent and on－site Agent．It used OPC technology as communication mode throughout the whole system．By introducing the concept of regional Agent group，the system adopted a regional management based on Internet to realize effective management of the regional Agent group and the distributed coordinated control ．Finally，the main functions of each Agent were designed，and the communication model and the working process of multi －Agent system were also analyzed．
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Attribute Reduction in Interval Valued Decision System
ZHU Feng, ZHANG Xue-feng
2009, 22 (1): 93-96.
Abstract ( ) PDF ( 174KB ) ( ) 　　
Through the real rough set model based on consistent relation， the conceptions of the lower and upper approximation，boundary，B －positive region，B －negative，and B －borderline region were analyzed．Then attribute reduction
in real value rough set was presented，and the steps of attribute reduction were given．Successive search generalized important degree of subset，to see whether the generalized important degree is equal to that of the set．The feasibility is proved by the following example．
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