The ZSM5/KL composite zeolite, using ZSM5 as base material, was synthesized by twostep crystallization. The morphology of shell was controlled by regulating the series, temperature and time of crystallization. These samples were characterized by XRD, Nitrogen adsorptiondesorption and SEM, respectively, and evaluated by the npentane aromatization. The results show that different ways of crystallization has great effect on composite zeolite morphology. Compared with singlestep crystallization method, the twostep crystallization can effectively control the grain growth of shell phase L nanocrystals on the ZSM5 surface, and promote the formation of coreshell structure composite zeolite. Reaction experiment shows that the coreshell composite zeolite has better performance of aromatization than epitaxial crystal type composite zeolite.

Micro/nano ZnO with pomponlike shapes has been successfully synthesized by using Zn(Ac)2•2H2O and NaOH (mole ratio 1∶6) as the raw materials and the glutamate fluoboric acid ionic liquid aqueous solution as the reaction medium at the room temperature (25 ℃, 20 min) and then under microwave heating (80 ℃,10 min). The synthesized samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with energy disperse Xray analysis (SEMEDS), Xray powder diffraction (XRD) and the BrunauerEmmettTeller (BET) analysis. The product had hexagonal (wurtzite) structure, the particle size of the powder was about 20.4 nm, and the specific surface area of the pomponlike ZnO was 27.6 m2/g, with high activity on the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The photodegradation experiments were conducted on mixed printing and dyeing sewage (500 mL) from drain outlets of Beijing SnowLotus Cashmere Co., Ltd., with ultraviolet light as the light source and 50 mg of micro/nano ZnO pompons as the photodegradation catalyst, giving a photodegradation efficiency of 100% within 30 min. Besides that, the catalyst was reusable. The photodegradation mechanism were also discussed.

A series of copolyesterspoly(butylene terephthalatecobutylene itaconate) (PBTI) were synthesized by melt polycondensation from dimethyl itaconate(DI), 1,4butanediol(BD) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). On this basis, hydrophilic diol( PEG) was selected as comonomer component to react with DI，DMI and BD via direct melt polycondensation. A series of degradable aliphaticaromatic copolyesters (PBTIG) with different PEG molecular weight and content were synthesized. Hydrolytic degradation results demonstrated that with the increase of the itaconic acid content, the degradation rate was speeded up, andthe hydrophilic PEG significantly increased the degradation rate of the copolyesters. The hydrolysis experiments showed that after 160 h, the residual of the PBTI was 91.35%, while, the residual amount is only 81.20% after adding hydrophilic PEG. The degradation rate was increased by 117.34% than PBTI.

At present the most prominent problem of emulsified asphalt slurry seal technology was the lack of slow breaking and fast setting asphalt emulsifier. Amide cationic asphalt emulsifier was synthesized using octadecanoic acid, seed oil fatty acids and triethylene tetramine as raw materials. The best conditions were obtained. Comparing the test results of the performance and the road construction of emulsified asphalt, it was found that the amide cationic asphalt emulsifier had advantages of strong emulsifying capacity, less emulsifier dosage, higher adhesion speed and better storage stability.

The physical and chemical properties of NaY zeolites and liquid phase cerium ion exchanged Y zeolites (LCeY) were characterized by XRD, N ₂ adsorption, NH3TPD, and insitu PyFTIR. The adsorption behavior of thiophene on NaY and LCeY zeolites was studied by using frequency response (FR) technique and intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA), and the different adsorption models of thiophene on Y zeolites modified by rare earth metal were investigated simultaneously. The results indicate that different mass transfer processes in the micropores of these zeolites can be validly identified by FR technique. The adsorption behavior of thiophene on NaY zeolites is relatively simple. Two mass transfer processes can be measured, containing channel adsorption and π electron interaction. While, the adsorption behavior of thiophene on LCeY zeolites is relatively complex. Except for two adsorption processes of adsorption in micropores and "SM" adsorption, complex catalytic reaction processes is also detected in LCeY zeolites under the condition of high temperature.

Mannich inhibitor was synthesized using cinnamaldehyde, acetophenone and aniline as raw materials, Cyclodextrins as phase transfer catalyst, through condensation of aldehydes and ketones amine generate in the aqueousphase. Under corrosive conditions of refinerycrude oil distillationunit, the optimum polarization extrin amount 0.3% was determined by taking weight loss method and curve scyclod. Effect of the corrosion inhibition of the mannich alkali was investigated using the weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy .The results showed that the Mannich base was a mixed corrosion inhibitor mainly by restraining the anodic process, and the inhibition rate increased with increasing of Mannich base concentration. When the amount of inhibitor concentration was 0.2%, the inhibition rate reached 94.37%,and Mannich base can effectively inhibit corrosion of 20# steel in the HClH ₂SH ₂O system.

Intermetal diffusion phenomenon will happen when metal matrix Pdcomposite membranes are under high temperature for a long time, which will influence the service life of the Pdcomposite membrane. By electroless plating, the palladium membrane on the surface of the porous metal supporter with different materials was prepared. And the Pdcomposite membranewas then heat treatment under high temperature in inert gas. Backscattered Electron Microscopy (BSE) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) crosssectional line scans were used to analysis the elements distribution of various Pdcomposite membranes, and the diffusion level of the metal matrix Pdcomposite membrane was studied by comparing it with the ceramic composite membrane. The results showed that there was no diffusion phenomenon happening to Pd/titanium (Ti) composite membranes and Pd/titaniumaluminum (TiAl) alloy composite membranes in the temperature range of 500 to 700 ℃, while serious intermetal diffusion phenomenon happened when Pd/porousstainlesssteel (PSS) composite membrane was under high temperature heat treatment (700 ℃) for 40

Locating the combustion front timely is helpful to production control. The prediction methods of combustion front used in field were researched, then a set of application method specific to reservoirs with different feature was obtained. Infrared photography was suitable for shallow layer reservoirs, and direct testing method using thermometric component was suitable for reservoirs with intensive observation well and production well. Method combining production performance and material balance was suitable for homogeneous reservoirs with regular well pattern, and method combining tracer monitoring and production performance was suitable for heterogeneous reservoirs or reservoirs with irregular well pattern. The pressure drop test method was so complicated that it needed further study. At last the suggestions were proposed that on the basis of geological screening in advance, the aim of "less air injection and more oil production" should be achieved, besides, the management of production well should be strengthened by combining analysis of production performance, so that the combustion front could be moving forward evenly and steadily.

The low permeable oil fields have the characteristics of poor reservoir property and low capacity. Production decline and slow water cut rising can be controlled through fracturing measures combined with water plugging measures. Oil production change without fracturing is simulated using numerical simulation software. Considering the fracturing effect overlay, mathematical formula is deduced for computing the fracturing increased amount of oil. The formula can determine the fracture increased quantity of oil change rule and influence on the production decline. Fluid volume and oil changes under the condition of no water plugging are also simulated. So, the influence of water plugging measures for the moisture content of the oil produced can be calculated. The production decline can be slow down by fracturing, while the production decline in the period of validity is speed up. Water plugging for the validity of oil increase is less than the validity of precipitation. The scope of precipitation is bigger within the validity period of the oil increase.

Research on the technology of polymer injection allocation have been carried out in this paper by effective utilization of oily sewage, for the situation of the tensions of polymer flooding water usage, the protrusive disadvantages of polymer dilution and preparation in Daqing oilfield. Technical support to the effective utilization of oily sewage is provided by laboratory experiments, such as improving sewage quality through oxygen exposure by air compressor, analyzing affection of oxygen on polymer viscosity of the polymer flooding sewage and the multilevel processing sewage, and optimizing the amount of oxygen exposure. And all above experiments conducted with the polymer which is manufactured by sewage. The results show that the best amount of oxygen exposure for the multilevel processing sewage is 5.6 mg/L with viscosity loss rate of 4.69% and the best amount of oxygen exposure for the polymer flooding sewage is 7.2 mg/L with viscosity loss rate of 11.45%. Therefore, the viscosity stability of polymer solution diluted by oily sewage can be largely improved using this technology .

The separation oil and gas component and physical property are analyzed with gas chromatography. The component of initial oil in place in F block is obtained by using PVTsim. The changes of PVT parameters of oil in F block is studied and the effect of separation stages and choke size change on the fluid composition and physical properties is analysized. The results are listed as follows: the initial oil in F block has a characteristic of high content of light hydrocarbon, low density, high shrinkage and high gasoil ratio, and the change of pressure has a greater influence on PVT parameters. Compared with black oil, reservoir fluid has a strong sensitivity on separation stages. When multistage separation is applied, initial oil in place e has a characteristic of high shrinkage, small degassed amount and high oil production. When small choke is applied, the pressure before choke is high. So light component is more likely to be mined.

The influence of water temperature and water blending ratio on the energy consumption was calculated and analyzed based on the instance of cyclic watered oil gathering.The results can be concluded that gas consumption increased while power consumption decreased with rising of water temperature through calculation in water blending system. The operation cost of water blending system rised first and reduced later with rising of water temperature, and reached the lowest point when the water temperature was between 65~70 ℃.

Viscosity reducer and polymers system suitable for heavy oil of block Gudao2 of Shengli oilfield were selected so that recovery and microscopic mechanism of viscosity reducer and polymer flooding were compared. The results showed that the ultimate recovery rate of water flooding was only 41.1% and after water flooding there was large presence of residual oil and the film and lump. The recovery rate of XJ and OP10 viscosity reducer flooding after water flooding was increased by 18.67%, which mainly relied on transport of large oil particles after deformation and emulsification to reduce the flow resistance and boosting function of dispersed oil particles to oil film and stripping of the remaining oil by drawing. The recovery rate of APP5 polymer flooding after water flooding was increased by 18.55% by increasing the sweep area and the pull effect on the oil film and blindresidual oil, so polymer flooding compared with viscosity reducer flooding was more valuable.

Aiming at the problem that traditional surfactant flooding couldn't adjust to the fractured reservoir, polymer gel and surfactants combination flooding were proposed. The combination flooding could make use of the high resistance factor of polymer gel after gelation, driving the surfactants into the low permeability area and improving the whole oil recovery. A kind of polymer gel LHGEL with the advantage of slow crosslink and easy injection was developed. The effects of gelling properties of polymer gel and compatibility with surfactant were researched. The EOR capability was evaluated with the fractured core flooding experiments. The results showed that the gelling properties of polymer gel LHGEL were affected mostly by salinity and temperature, where the higher the temperature, the higher the salinity, the shorter gelling time, the greater the gelling strength. Surfactant LHPS and polymer gel LHGEL after gelation had great compatibility. The combination flooding can improve the oil recovery by 22.1% on the basis of water flooding at 50 ℃ with 10 000 mg/L of salinity, and the combination system had promising applications in fractured reservoirs.

The flow mechanism of the oilwater two phase flow is very complicated. Some specific phenomenon such as "emulsification" and "inversion" exists in it making it hard to measure the flow. Differential pressure method, which is a widely used flow measurement method, can be applied to the oilwater two phase flow theoretically. However, there are little correlation studies. Using the Venturi tube as the throttle device,the differential pressure of the oilwater two phase flow rate is measured. Based on the homogeneous flow model, the effects of the differential pressure of the Venturi tube combines respectively with the volume flow and the mixture density are verified, taking the oil and water flows without mixing as the reference value. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the oilwater mixture mass flow measurement is relatively high, and the accuracy of the combination of the Venturi tube with the mixture density can be accepted, while the combination with the volume flow cannot reach the measurement requirements.

The acrylamide/NbenzylNnhexadecylacrylamide/sodium acrylates terpolymerP(AM/BHAM/NaA) was synthesized using micellar polymerization and the synthetic scheme was optimized. The amphiphilic polymer has a critical aggregation concentration (CAC). Above CAC, P(AM/BHAM/NaA) forms network in aqueous solution. With the increase of polymer concentration, the hydrodynamic radius of it increases, and the apparent viscosity also increases. P (AM/BHAM/NaA) has good capability of crude oil emulsion. By studying the different concentrations of amphiphilic polymer on the properties of crude oil emulsion, it is found that with the increase of amphiphilic polymer concentration, the volume of network, formed by amphiphilic polymer in aqueous solution, increases and its emulsifying ability also is enhanced.

Based on the wall sticking law in the normal temperature gathering and transportation process of Xiqu oilfield, the pigging period formula is obtained. And the pigging period computational software interface is developed based on the formula. The effects of water cut and fluid temperature on pigging period are calculated and analyzed. It is found that the effect of fluid temperature is the leading factor, and the effect of ambient temperature on the pigging period is analyzed further. The studying results will have important guiding significance on the determination of pigging period and the implement of pigging work for the normal temperature gathering and transportation process of Xiqu oilfield.

In petrochemical industry, most of the centrifugal pumps work in nondesign conditions. A method of changing the impeller diameter and wrap angle was proposed in order to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pumps. Then impeller flow field was analyzed using Fluent. It was found that the distribution of impeller field speed and pressure was gradually increased and no mutations occurred from the suction port to the outlet.

Due to pipelines’ medium of transportation is flammable and explosive,or its other characteristics, once the pipeline exist failure, leakage occurs, the rapid diffusion transport medium, encountered the fire will be intense burning, or even an explosion, the consequences are disastrous. In order to prevent the pipeline accidents, adopt appropriate methods to assess the residual strength of the pipe with volumetric type flaw. The force of the pipe with volumetric type flaw based on mechanical behavior, finite element analysis software ABAQUS was applied to simulate defects in pipes, calculating the failure pressure body containing product defect analysis of pipeline, defect length, defect depth and defect width and failure pressure, the maximum allowable flaw size of pipe. According to the size of the pipe with volumetric type flaw to continue to use, buck, repair, replacement scheme selection, in order to ensure the safe transportation of oil and gas pipeline.

The accelerated oxidation reaction was carried out on an oxidation simulator in order to study the oxidative deterioration property of methyl linoleate under conditions of different temperature. The oxidative curves were determined by GC. In addition, the induction period of methyl linoleate was determined by the Rancimat method. A simple series reaction model was adopted for simulating the oxidation process. The integration equation was obtained for the firstorder series reaction, and the parameters of the kinetic equations were calculated by both the integral method and the differential equation method. Thus, the macrokinetic equationswere established, which could be used for the establishment of thermal oxidation deterioration kinetic model of biodiesel.

Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (ESIFTICRMS) coupled with Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) were used to analysize the composition of organic pollutants. Based on this, the comprehensive analysis method for heavy oil processing wastewater was established. The comprehensive analysis of biochemical process effluent demonstrated that refractory macromolecular polar organic pollutants and nonpolar alkanes were main components of organic load. The total number of polar organic pollutants was 376, and Ox, NxOx and SxOx were main classes which were presumed to be organic acids, esters and heterocyclic compounds. Most polar organic pollutants were unsaturated molecules with the structure of aromatic ring, polycyclic and heterocyclic. Ncontained heterocyclic compounds and nitrate contributed to highconcentration total nitrogen. COD degradation and nitrogen removal of biochemical process were improved, and advanced treatment of catalytic ozonation was also used which will benefit the heavy oil processing wastewater in order to meet discharge standards.

Surface acidities of the Y zeolites(NaY, HY, LCeY and HRSY3) were characterized by temperatureprogrammed desorption of ammonia(NH3TPD) and in situ fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy using pyridine as probe molecule (PyFTIR). The adsorption and catalytic transformation behaviors of sulfides on Y zeolites modified by rare ions were studied by in situ fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (in situ FTIR) technology using thiophene andthiophane as the probe molecules, respectively. The results indicated that thiophene molecules protonated upon the strong Brnsted acid sites of the zeolites at room temperature, then protonated products could further oligomerize. The synergy between L acid sites (included Ce species andnonframework aluminum species) and Brnsted (B) acid sites was favorable to oligomerization reaction of Thiophene, however, there were no reactions of thiophane over NaY, HY and REY. 

The thermodynamic simulation analysis for methanol steam reforming hydrogen production system of kilowatt proton exchange membrane fuel cell was researched by Aspen Plus software. The influences of water to methanol mole ratio (0.8~1.6), reaction temperature (140~400 ℃), and pressure (101.325~506.625 kPa) on methanol steam reforming process were investigated. The results show that the methanol equilibrium conversion and CO mole fraction increase when the temperature is raised, while the H2 mole fraction decreases at the same time. The equilibrium conversion of methanol decreases with pressure increasing, but the pressure has little effect on the mole fraction of H2 and CO. The equilibrium conversion of methanol is improved with the water to methanol mole ratio raising. However, a large number of water vapor will increase the load of the system and lower the thermal efficiency. Therefore, the appropriate range of water to methanol mole ratio is between 1.2 and 1.4. It can be found that H2 mole fraction is 64.27% and CO content is below 10-5 ultimately through simulation of the hydrogen source system, which can provide hydrogen source for kilowatt proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Polyvinyl alcohol/cerium pyrophosphate composite films were prepared by solution blending and dipcoating method. Artificial accelerate ultraviolet experiment of this composite films was conducted. The UV spectra and mechanical properties analysis of cerium pyrophosphate/PVA composite films with different aging time proved that the composite films had the function of antiultraviolet radiation and its mechanical property remained well after the UV aging. Thermo gravimetric, water vapor transmission, water resistance and oil resistance of cerium pyrophosphate/PVA composite films were studied which showed that properties of the cerium pyrophosphate/PVA were better than the pure PVA films.

Mesoporous Y Zeolites were prepared by alkaline solution etching method using industrial NaY zeolite powders as raw materials. The crystal structure of the samples was characterized using Xray diffraction (XRD) and skeleton Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pore structure and morphology were measured by N2 adsorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The acid properties were characterized using pyridineinfrared spectroscopy (PyFTIR) technique. The results show that NaY zeolites can maintain the topology of zeolite crystal and basic morphology structure after treated in a suitable concentration by alkaline solution at mild conditions. A defected mesoporous structure in the zeolite is obtained in the process of alkaline solution etching. In addition, the alkali etching has little effect on the amount of B acid sites of H type zeolites, while, the number of L acid centers greatly reduces in the mesoporous Y Zeolites. 

In this study,  C ₂H ₄C l ₂/ T i C l ₄first used as catalyst in the decoloration ofC ₉  fraction which was steamed out in the preperation of petroleum resin. The impurity was examined as olefin by GCMS analysis. The results showed that  C ₂H ₄C l ₂/ T i C l ₄ had the advantages of small usage and short reaction time in the catalystic reaction. Achromatic, transparent and lowtemperated distillation which contains 0.72% olefin was obtained at 50 ℃ for 3 h with reactants components of 0.2% C ₂H ₄C l ₂, 1.1% TiCl ₄ and 0.9% 2,6dimethyl pyridine. The distillation product was divided into two parts of fraction oil (boiling range: 100~140 ℃ and 141~198 ℃). Its composition and quality technical indicators met with standard of rubber solvent oil and paint solvent oil.

The qualitative and quantitative of sulfur forms in Middle East mixed crude oil AR were analyzed in a fixedbed hydrogenation reactor. The results illustrated that the total sulfur in hydrotreated residue reduced gradually with the depth of hydrotreating. 83.22% of sulfur in the residue was removed. Distribution of sulfur content in feed and products was increased with the increasing of temperature. Ultimately, in distillate(<350 ℃), sulfide sulfur and a majority of benzothiophenes were removed. Although the influence of steric hindrance existed, most of dibenzothiophenes was also removed.

The MoP/A l ₂O ₃ catalyst precursor was prepared with impregnation method and a series of A l ₂O ₃supported molybdenum phosphide catalysts were prepared by convention reductionpassivationreduction method using the precursor. The catalytic activity of MoP/A l ₂O ₃ was investigated on different conditions in solvent oil C6, C7 as model compounds. The results showed that the application conditions of MoP/A l ₂O ₃ catalyst with 22% and 14% molybdenum trioxide content were reaction temperature 210 ℃, space velocity 1.5 h ^-1 and reaction temperature 230 ℃ and space velocity 1.5 h ^-1 respectively.

LD1 block is an ordinary heavy oil reservoirs of high porosity and permeability with characteristic of small reserves, thin reservoir thickness, and sufficient energy of edge water. With the limit of low single well controlled reserves of vertical wells and high drilling cost, it is difficult to exploit the block. Development and application of horizontal wells have obvious advantages in such reservoirs, so study about horizontal well deployment is started. Edge water has a great influence on exploitation of heavy oil reservoir using steam stimulation. In order to maximize economic benefits, sensitivity study in permeability, oil saturation and water energy are carried out.The length of horizontal well and the height of water avoidance are optimized to improve the effect of single well development and oil steam ratio, delay the water invasion, and provide reference for the same kind reservoirs.

The influence of water swelling of coal rock on reservoir was studied by means of static observation experiments and core dynamic flow experiments. The water sensitive mechanism of coal was revealed, and the control methods of the coal rock water sensitive was proposed. The experiment results show that water sensitivity of coal rock is easily happened, which damages the strata a lot. Core flow of compacted coal powder is studied, which shows that particle migration is caused by clay mineral hydration swellingand causes the drop of permeability. The damage on reservoir is irreversible, while KCl has a good effect on control of coal rock expansion.

The breakthrough pressure of several different artificial coremodels was measured after injecting 4 kinds of plugging agents, respectively. Combining with the stratum parameter of QHD326 oilfield, a relationship curve between the gradient of breakthrough pressure and the permeability of stratum was described under different formulas, and a relationship curve between plugging radius and water shutoff rate was obtained. Basing on this curve three slugs were designed in order to plug water effectively with less plugging agent according to the distance from measurement point to the oil well, and a best dosage was obtained finally.

The corrosion of X70 steel was simulated at plug flow using the homemade experimental apparatus. The effect of  CO ₂  partial pressure on  CO ₂  corrosion of X70 steel was studied by analysis of the bolt surface morphology, corrosion rate, and online coupon corrosion situation using electronic microscope, bolt and electrochemical corrosion online monitoring. The results showed there was two effect of the pros and cons on of  CO ₂  partial pressure on  CO ₂  corrosion of X70 steel. On the one hand, enhances of corrosive medium acidity accelerated the corrosion rate, on the other hand, CO ^2- ₃  combined withMg ²⁺、 C a ²⁺、 F e ²⁺ and a layer of corrosion product film was formed which reduced the corrosion rate when concentration of CO ^2- ₃  increased. The effect of  CO ₂  partial pressure on  CO ₂  corrosion of X70 steel was closely related to the temperature. The  CO ₂  partial pressure reduced when the corrosion rate achieved the highest point and protection role was greater than corrosion role for X70 steel substrate with the increasing of temperature.

The properties of DongfangYangpuHaikou and DongfangSanya pipeline natural gas were analyzed, the content of CO2 was 4.94%(mol) and 8.21%(mol) respectively, which was more than 3%(mol) required in standard (Q/SY 30—2002). The content of H2S was 25.2 mg/m3 in the DongfangSanya pipeline natural gas, which was also more than standard of 20 mg/m3. So, the chemical corrosion of DongfangSanya pipeline was serious. By the test of sulfate reducing bacteria cultivating, sulfate reducing bacteria corrosion was proved in DongfangYangpuHaikou pipeline, although it was very slight.

The reservoir condition moderate level of gas well was taken as an example to research the proper Tubing diameter in Daqing Oilfield gas storage. Predicted the generation of gas storage, and optimized the formulation and amount of inhibitor.The node analysis method was used to research gas production capacity, pressure loss, liquid carrying capacity and the erosion resistance on the diameter of tubing effect. The results showed that the ability to natural gas injection and production increase with the increasing tubing diameter and wellhead pressure. The gas storage injectionproduction volume requirements could be met, when the tubing diameter was more than 50.8 mm. The well bore pressure loss increase with the injectionproduction volume increases, but decrease with the increasing tubing diameter. The tubing pressure loss was less, when the tubing diameter was more than 63.5 mm. Comprehensive analysis the 63.5 mm tubing was more reasonable used in gas storage. Meanwhile, erosion and effusion could be avoided. When Production volume was very low, the tubing would generate natural gas hydrate.The adding method was recommended to prevent hydrate formation, the inhibitor was used methanol and ethylene glycol to the volume ratio of 2∶3, and the amount was 0.03 m3/d.

By setting up numerical models of pipeline normal operation, temperature drop along the pipeline after shutdown and restart procedure, the normal and opposite direction transportation pipeline shutdown and restart procedure were described. The relative errors of the results calculated using the numerical models were less than 2%, so thermal variation along the pipeline can be simulated accurately. Based on the numerical models, maximum safe time after shutdown in different seasons, temperature drop along the pipeline after shutdown and flow recovery after restart in winter were calculated, respectively. The results can provide evidence for production management, safe and highly efficient operation of hotoil pipeline.

In order to improve the monitoring efficiency and reliability of oil and gas pipeline, the monitoring method of petroleum pipeline temperature based on singleended Brillouin optical time domain analysis has been proposed. The temperature experiment at oil and gas pipelines leakage location has been taken. The experiment results show that distributed optical fiber sensing technology based on Brillouin scattering can accurately monitor and identify the pipeline temperature change. The temperature measurement resolution can reach 3 ℃ and spatial resolution of 1 meter in 25 km sensing fiber.

The rheological characteristics of high waxy oil and water system in different condition were studied, which provided theoretical support for produced fluid of high pourpoint oil gathering and transferring. Oilwater viscosity distribution characteristics were measured under different conditions with VT550 viscometer. Effection of temperature and water cut on thixotropic and dilution shearing characteristics was obtained. Oil and water distribution with different water cut was observation using CCDADAPTER micro meter. The results show that the higher the temperature, the smaller the yield stress. With the temperature increasing, the dropping speed of yield stress becomes smaller. When water cut of the oil/water system is high, the apparent viscosity is still low even the temperature is below freezing point. The more close to the freezing point temperature, the more close to the phase inversion point moisture content, the more obvious shear thinning characteristic, the stronger the nonNewtonian fluid properties are. When the water cut is near the phase inversion point, water phase is distributed in the oil phase with uniform and dense form, which leads to the huge apparent viscosity.

Along with the global climate warming, carbon capture and sequestration(CCS) have become a hot issue, and raise worldwide attentions in recent years. In this paper, adsorption behavior, influence factors, regeneration ability, potential application and existing problems of several common lowtemperature solid adsorbents for  CO ₂ capturing are reviewed. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculation in the relevant fields is introduced. Finally, a perspective view of the potential development of the solid adsorbents is given.

The furfural extracted oil was obtained through furfural extraction processing of coking gas oil from Qingdao Petrochemical Company. Due to its high aromatics content, it can be used to produce asphalt rejuvenator. The rejuvenators was prepared by blending extracted oil with AH90 asphalt, and the performance of the rejuvenated asphalt was evaluated. It was found that five types of rejuvenators(RA5, RA25, RA75, RA250 and RA500) can be produced via adding AH90 asphalt into extracted oil using the mass percentages of 90%, 70%, 50%, 86.8% and 60.7% respectively, which all met the requirements of NB/SH/T 0819—2010 specification. After mixing the five rejuvenators with aged asphalt using different ratios, the rejuvenated asphalts showed the similar properties with the AH70 asphalt. And it indicated that the prepared rejuvenators in this study can satisfy the technique requirements of the products.

Adsorption and diffusion behavior of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, pxylene and cumene) on Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalysts and multisites of components REUSY zeolite have been systematically investigated by N2 adsorption, Intelligent Gravimetric Analyser (IGA) and Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) technology. Only one adsorption model for aromatic hydrocarbons in FCC catalysts and REUSY zeolite was observed in TG/DTG profiles, speculating that the adsorption mode was π electron interactions between aromatic and adsorbent. The controlling steps for the overall mass transfer process in the FCC catalyst particles are the diffusion process in the length scale of macropore of the matrix or/and the mass transfer at the zeolitematrix interface rather than the intracrystalline diffusion one in the micropores of the zeolite crystals.

The Lithiumbased sorbents for high temperature CO ₂ capture were prepared through solidstate reaction method and precipitation method, which were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The CO ₂ absorption performance was evaluated by the chemical BET absorption(CHEMBET) method and the impact factors (including synthetic method, calcination temperature, molar ratio of Li to Si and different silica sources) were studied. The results indicated that the particle size of the adsorbents synthesized by the precipitation method distributed more homogeneous than that of the adsorbents synthesized by the solidstate reaction method at 750 ℃. Meanwhile, BET surface area of former was larger than that of latter. After six times CO ₂ (carbon dioxide to helium in a volume ratio of 1∶5) recycles, adsorption capacity of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO ₂II reduced to 9.92% from 13.38%, and desorption amount decreased from 11.74% to 8.52%. However, the amounts of adsorption and desorption of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO ₂I were reduced by 2.61% and 2.39%, those of solidstatemethod adsorbents reduced by 1.85% and 1.42%. 

The accelerated oxidation reaction was carried out on an oxidation simulator in order to study the oxidative stability of methyl linoleate. The properties of oxidative oil, such as peroxide value, acid value and kinematic viscosity(40 ℃), were analyzed at intervals of 1 hour. The rate of test sample oxidation was explored under the condition of different temperature and oxygen flow rate. And the oxidation process of methyl linoleate was further characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultravioletvisible light detector. In addition, the induction period of methyl linoleate was determined by the Rancimat method. The oxidation of oil sample was further studied through determining the reaction activation energy. The results showed that the oxidation stability was well at different oxygen flow rate, but obviously decreases with the increase of temperature. Otherwise, it was consequently demonstrated that the induction period decreased with the increase of temperature, and the activation energy obtained from Arrhenius equation was 36.003 kJ/mol.

The oily sludge of tank was treated by chemical agent in this paper, and eight chemicals (dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium, sodium dodecyl sulfate, composite anionic surfactant, sodium metasilicate, sodium carbonate, polyaluminium chloride, aluminum sulfate and polyacrylamide) were screened out. The results showed that the oil removal rate of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium and sodium dodecyl sulfate (surface active agent) was 68.8% and 63.5%, respectively; the oil removal rate of sodium carbonate (dispersing agent) was 75.9%; the oil removal rate of polyaluminium chloride and polyacrylamide flocculating agent was similar. According to experimental results, the mixing experiment was carried out with the five chemicals. The experimental results indicated that the oil removal rate reached 97.3%, when the complex agent was used with volume rate of dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid sodium（4 g/L）, sodium carbonate（1 g/L） and polyacrylamide（30 mg/L） of 1∶2∶1.

According to the Karamay crude oil emulsion prepared in the laboratory, high efficient silicone modified polyether demulsifier suitable for low temperature application was developed. The appropriate reaction conditions were determined through the single factor experiment as follows: the adding amount of hydrogen silicone oil was 1% of polyether mass, the amount of catalyst was 0.4%, the temperature of condensation reaction was 80 ℃, the time of reaction was 2 h. Infrared spectroscopy was used to compare the characteristic peaks of modified demulsifier groups, analysize changes of demulsifier structure and verify the target product. The dehydration effect on the tertiary oil recovery of Karamay, aging oil of Liaohe Oilfield and crude oil of Liaohe Shuguang and Daqing was studied. The dehydration rate of Karamay tertiary oil recovery was up to 87.5%, and twophase separation of tertiary oil recovery was obvious and clear. Conductance rate of dehydrated water was 4 960μs/cm and 7 010 μs/cm when unmodified demulsifier and silicone modified demulsifier were used. The dewatering effect of silicone modified demulsifier was better than the demulsifier used in site.

Preparation of ZnO nanorod arrays by hydrothermal method has been studied. It has been revealed that the high concentration of precursors and the seed layer can facilitate the growth and the vertical and uniform nanorod array can be obtained. The relationship of growth time and the nanorod length was further investigated.The length of the ZnO NRs has no obvious increase without changing of fresh precursors even the growth time was extended. While the length of the ZnO NRs increased linearly with time when the fresh precursors was changed every 2.5 h.

The synergism flame retardant effect of expandable graphite(EG) and intumescent flame retardant(IFR) on road asphalt was investigated by limiting oxygen index(LOI) and the flame retardant mechanism was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results revealed synergism of EG and IFR has a good flame retardant effect which greatly improved LOIs and enhanced thermal stability by forming inflation homogenous porous carbon layer after combustion. It was confirmed by SEM that flame retardant synergism mechanism of EG and IFR on road asphalt lied in the carbon condensed phase which promoted formation of carbon layer and increased surface expansion rate of asphalt. 

The desulfurization from model and real gasoline by selective adsorption using Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3) was investigated at ambient temperature and pressure. The effect of adsorption time, adsorbent amount and the concentration of 1octene on the adsorption desulfurization performance was studied. The results showed that adsorption rate of model gasoline using Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3) reached 75.6% when the mole ratio of Cu to S was 2, the mass fraction of 1octene in model gasoline was 30% and adsorption time was 120 min. Sulfur content in real hydrotreated gasoline would decrease from 40 μg/g to 8 μg/g after adsorption by Cu2(4,4′bipy)2(O3SCH2CH2SO3), and there was no obvious changes in adsorption performance after recycling 6 times. 

Spontaneous imbibition experiments of tight sandstone were carried out through NMR technology, imbibition characteristics of waterwet tight core with neutral core were compared, and the influences caused by sodium dodecyl sulfate with different concentrations towards neutralwet tight sandstone imbibition were analyzed. The results show that recovery efficiency of waterwet tight core is above 60%, neutralwet core is above 35%, and the imbibition is an effective way for the development of tight oil reservoir. It is also found that SDS can disperse oil in core, promote the oil flow fast in core, increase the speed of tight sandstone imbibition, which is effective for both neutralwet tight sandstone and waterwet tight sandstone. Sodium dodecyl sulfate can also increase oil phase recovery in middle and small pores, especially in small pores of neutralwet core, and improve the spontaneous imbibition experiments recovery. Under the experimental conditions, 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate is the most effective for waterwet core.

The airfoam flooding technology has been applied well in middlehigh permeability reservoirs, however, it is less applied in low permeability reservoirs. The airfoam flooding mechanism and injection mode of low permeability reservoirs were studied throw literature research and the feasibility of airfoam flooding in low permeability reservoir was proceeded by indoor simulation experiment and field test. The results showed that when the residual oil saturation was lower than 20% in the high permeability layer, the foam fluid system can play a very good role and block the high permeability layer. A large number of crude oil in the low permeability layers was displaced during the airfoam flooding stage and the oil displacement efficiency rised from 8.33% to 50.55%. The water content of the field test well group decreased from 98% to 54%, the daily fluid production rate dropped from 3.5 m3 to 1 m3, and the daily oil production increased from 0.07 m3 to 0.46 m3. The airfoam flooding technology has tremendous potential in the development of low permeability reservoirs and has a certain reference function of stabilizing oil output and controlling water content for the similar reservoirs.

In order to study the contribution of each component in the flooding, the composite system concluding sulfonate gemini surfactant TADS10, polymer with a molecular weight of 15 million and Na2CO3 was used to conducte flooding experiments on a lithography glass model. According to oil displacement effect of composite system, the impact of the interfacial tension, polymers, alkali and organic pure on oil displacement was analyzed. The results showed that ultralow interfacial tension was generated by TADS10 and petroleum sulfonate complex which raised chemical flooding oil recovery by 2.6%. After adding the polymer binary system, chemical flooding recovery was increased by nearly 10% compared with a single system, and total recovery was increased by 12.13%. Chemical flooding recovery was increased by 2.73% when weak base ternary was added compared with binary system. The chemical flooding oil recovery was enhanced by 1.23% after adding 0.02% alcoholin the ternary system, and total recovery was increased by 1.31%.