The inhibition effect between 3methy4aminocinnamaldehydene5mercapto1,2,4triazole Schiff base (short for MACHMT) and cinnamic aldehyde (short for CA), 3methy4amino5mercapto1,2,4triazole（short for MACMT）on Q235 steel in the hydrochloric acid was studied by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion performance and inhibition mechanism was discussed and compared. Experiments show that stability and inhibition effeciency of cinnamic aldehyde with a 3methyl4amino5mercapto1, 2,4triazole’s complex system for Q235 carbon steel are higher than the same concentration of seats Schiff base compounds MACHMT. 

Adsorption behavior of thiophene in NaY and CeY zeolites prepared by liquid phase ion exchange and solid state ion exchange methods by using the frequency response method, combined with the TG/DTG curves and PyFTIR technique to analyze the the adsorption and diffusion mechanism of thiophene on these zeolites. The results indicate that LCeY zeolites contain the strong B acid and weak L acid sites, while the SCeY zeolites contain the weak L acid and a small amount of weak B acid sites. Only one weak adsorption process of thiophene can be observed for the SCeY and NaY zeolites. Two different adsorption processes can be formed in LCeY zeolites, and the different interactions can be attributed to the different acid sites.

Adopting secondary nano selfassembly method to prepare macroporous catalyst（0106，1227）with small stacking density and high metal loading， the distribution of pore volume centralized from 30 nm to 100 nm，which accounts for 11%,28%. The first activity of two kinds of nano selfassembly catalyst（0106，1227） was investigated with Zhenhai FCC diesel oil as feed at reaction temperatures of 360 ℃，reaction pressure of 7 MPa，hydrogenoil volume ratio of 600，volume space velocity oh 1.5 h-1 in a fixed bed micro reactor of 10 mL，and with reference agent as a contrast. The experimental results show that the two kinds of nano selfassembly catalyst （0106，1227）has higher activity of hydrodesulfurization，hydrodenitrificationand aromatics saturation than the reference catalyst.The sulfur mass fraction of FCC diesel [ＫＧ*４]oil[ＫＧ*４] feedstock [ＫＧ*４]could [ＫＧ*４]be [ＫＧ*４]reduced from 12 400 μg/g to 483，283 μg/g which the highest desulfurization rate of 96.10% and 9771%;the nitrogen mass fraction of FCC diesel oil feedstock could be reduced from 1 507 μg/g to 35.7，14 μg/g which the highest denitrification rate of 9763% and 9900%; the highest aromatics saturation rate of 67.99% and 68.88%,while only to 537，64.6 μg/g and 9457%，95.54%，6565% over the reference catalyst.

Selective hydrogenation of PAHs in the extracted FCCS over  N i - Mo / S i O ₂ - A l ₂O ₃ catalyst was studied in a high pressure batch autoclave. Experiments were carried out under the conditions of reaction temperature 260~320 ℃, hydrogen pressure 4~7 MPa, reaction time 2~6 h and the ratio of catalyst to oil 0.2~0.5. According to the most important factors of selective hydrogenation of PAHs, the power function kinetics equation was established. The Differential method and Newton iteration method were adopted to estimate the nonlinear parameters of the model. The results show that the calculated reaction order is 1.14 and the activation energy is 44.33 kJ/mol. The average relative deviation of experimental data and model prediction data is 1.41%.

Secondary nano selfassembly alumina was prepared by nano selfassembly owns the properties of large pore volume, high specific surface area and low bulk density. Adopt this carrier, a macroporous hostguest catalyst was prepared by third nano selfassembly. The desulfurization, denitrification and aromatics saturation rate of the catalyst could be as much as 667%, 34.6% and 77.1%, which showed a high performance of active metal per unit volume. In order to explain the high activity of macroporous hostguest catalyst, a resonance absorption hydrogen spillover mechanism was proposed in this paper. Based on the double resonancedouble precessionresonance movement model of introverted principle of the resonance field, it explains the high hydrogenation activity of active components (transition metal elements as Mo, Ni etc.) well, especially for macroporous hostguest catalyst.

Comprehensive evaluation in Bozhong 342/4 oilfield has been made via software, static and dynamic scaling experiments. The results show that incompatibility between the injection water and formation water and calcium carbonate scale would produce during injection process, it’s scaling reached 1 199 mg/L. When scaling of 800 mg/L, core permeability damage up to 32%. Scale studies of the six kinds of inhibitors suggest that, for this oilfield, inhibitor PBTCA has better antiscaling effect, staticscaling reduced by 85% and core permeability damage reduced approximately by 13%.

Horizontal well fracturing technology is an effective mean of developing the low,ultralow permeability reservoirs. For guiding the optimal design and construction of the fracturing of horizontal wells in field, establish the threedimensional twophase producing dynamic models considering changes in the conductivity of horizontal well fracturing was established,and the dynamic simulation of horizontal well fracturing production software was prepared to analysis the sensitivity of fracture geometry parameters, reservoir conditions, production of construction time and etc. And the influence degree of all kinds of factors were considered throught single factor and multifactor analysis.Based on the result of single factor anlysis,five factors that impact larger were selected out for the multifacor analysis.Orthogonal experiments and grey correlation analysis were used for the mulitfactor analysis.The result shows that the fracture number and length are the main two factors. According to the analysis result,the optimization [ＫＧ*４]of [ＫＧ*４]the [ＫＧ*４]well [ＫＧ*４]are [ＫＧ*４]done [ＫＧ*４]to [ＫＧ*４]provide [ＫＧ*４]the guidance for implementation of the field horizontal well’s fracturing.

Using the indoor experimental test, the intervals shale reservoir physical parameters, the rock mechanics parameters and the natural fracture distribution characteristic parameters were studied, and the constitutive models of stress fielddamage fieldseepage field coupling and the failure criteria of the defective rock mass in the process of riverfrac treatment were established. Through the finite element numerical simulation by the softwareComsol, the crack propagation law of formation respectively under tensile and compressive shear stress was analyzed, when the natural fracture system opens, hydraulic fracturing of shale reservoir artificial fracture network can be formed. When hydraulic fracture extended to natural fracture, there has been a marked increase the width of cracks, and hydraulic fracture direction changes, one of the wings extended along the natural fracture on the wing, the other one wing does not. There is obvious mutual interference between natural fracture. Process of multi cracks is developed from a small to a large crack fracture, the final number of cracks depends on the connectivity between the cracks; stress, natural fracture, perforation interval, perforation, dip, construction flow and liquid viscosity, are the main factors that influence the formation of multi cracks.

The Jilin oilfield found Changling faulted contains the large reserves natural gas by underbalanced drilling technology in Changshen 1 wells, for the expansion of the results of exploration, and improve the efficiency, promote the underbalanced drilling technology. Technology promotion and improvement make the drilling speed raise sharply，gas reservoirs protection is very effective, promoting the promotion and implementation of underbalanced drilling supporting technology.

Analyzed the reservoir of Xujiaweizi depression Shahezi group using the casting thin sections and Xray data, determine its lithology mainly argillaceous siltstone and fine sandstone, maturity is low. According to the mercury curve analyzed Shahezi pore structure, indicating that the overall performance of the reservoir pore throat radius is small, resulting in microscale pore structure water distribution is uneven, which is the low porosity and lowpermeability lithology reservoir. The reservoir is mainly affected by the particle size and diagenesis, dissolution effectively make all kinds of pores connectivity, therefore, the research of reservoir characteristics and influencing factors are significant to oil gas exploration and development of Xujiaweizi foult depression.

The injected water suspended solids particle size index of Qikou 172 oilfield is mainly based on the industry standard, it is essential to carry out the study on compatibility between suspended solids particle size and pore throat on this basis. The distribution of principle waterinjection intake level for Qikou 172 oilfield is obtained via the statistics of the formation factor. Based on the capillary pressure curves from the main water injection reservoir, the microscopic pore structure was analyzed and the median primary fluid throat was obtained. In order to find out the compatibility ratio of suspended particle to the median primary fluid throat during waterflooding for the target oilfield, 24 pieces of cores, which its’ permeability are around 2 000 mD, are used to simulate waterflooding. According to Chinese standard SY/T 5329—94, the upper limit of particles concentration of the most strictest index at the target permeability is 5 mg/L. Considering that when the damage extent is over 25%, the relevant size distribution of the particles should be avoided and it’s lower limit is adopted for the working site. Experimental results show that the ratio of the lower limit to the median primary fluid throat is 1/8. The damage extent was over 20% when the concentration of the particles was 5 mg/L and the upper limit of the size distribution was 4 μm.Thus the concentration and the upper limit of the size distribution of the suspend particles should be controlled individually in 5 mg/L and 4 μm. 

Influencing factors, changes after adjusting balance, cycle of adjusting balance were researched through analyzing field data. The results show that the balance of oil pumping unit is becoming worse with the increase of oil viscosity and decrease of temperature. The balance of oil wells that just turned into pumping from blowing is bad between 0 and 80 days, fine between 81 and 240 days, and bad again longer than 240 days. The balance of oil pumping unit has no connection with service time of oil pumping unit. The balance of belt type pumping unit is better than that of beam pumping unit. The active power, pump efficiency is improved after adjusting the balance. The electricity consumption is saved by 3.9%~14.2%, that is 11.2~23.2 kW•h with balance improved by 10%~50%. The better the balance is, the more electricity is saved. It is suggested to adjust the balance of the wells that just turned into pumping after one week, while, multiply the adjustment frequency for the high viscosity wells, and 3~4 weeks for the low moderate viscosity wells that operates steadily.

The binary combination flooding systems with the same viscosity and different interfacial tension were formulated by changing the concentration of betaine surfactants. The sandpack flooding tests were employed to evaluate the ability of flooding systems to enhance the heavy oil recovery. It is found that the recovery decreased with the increasing of the betaine concentration. Low concentration (0.01%) of betaine can reduce the IFT to a value above ultralow value (10-3 mN/m) and the recovery of binary combination flooding system can be greatly improved. There exists a synergy effect between HPAM and surfactant. The microscopic flooding tests show that the improvement of sweep efficiency can increase heavy oil recovery more efficiently. The ultralow value IFT leads to the increasing of displacement efficiency, however the sweep efficiency was impaired. As a result, the improvement of recovery was affected.

The low permeability reservoir characteristics and overall damage mechanism in Daqing were studied, water blocking damage is one of the most important type of injury. By reservoir damage mechanism analysis, Daqing oilfield Longxi area water blocking damage between 10.41%～14.29%. Therefore, this paper mainly through water lock damage mechanism indoor, preferred and evaluation of waterproof lock agent. Optimizing and evaluating antiwater lock agent indoors, antiwater lock agent DW3 greatly reduce the filtrate interfacial tension. Antiwater lock drilling fluid, which was used in field test shows that: Pilot evaluated the permeability recovery value of drilling fluid system reached 88.14%. Formed the special technology of antiwater lock in Daqing oilfield, achieved the purpose of protecting reservoirs.

The sol type organic chromium crosslinking agent was synthesized by the method of changing the dispersion medium, which used the chromium chloride and acetic acid as the main raw materials. The crosslinking performance evaluation with HPAM the profile control system was made . The results show that the high strength and stability gel can be made when n( C r ³⁺) / n( A c -)  is (1∶2.5)~(1∶3.0), mass concentration of C r ³⁺ is 197~328 mg/L,and pH is 7~9. The novel chromium crosslinking agent presented a good stability in the alkaline solution. Futhermore, it is suitable for deep reservoir insitu crosslinking, which can enhancement of oil recovery . 

The anionic Gemini surfactant Sodium dioleoylamino cystine (SDOLC) was synthesized by onestep reaction of sodium cystine and oleoyl chloride. The reducing oil/water interfacial tension properties and viscoelastic properties of Gemini/HPAM/alkali mixed system were investigated by Texas500C spinning drop interface tensiometer and MCR301 rheometer, and the oil displacement efficiency in homogeneous and heterogeneous cores were evaluated. It was found that the minimum dynamic interfacial tension magnitude between Daqing crude oil and Gemini surfactant/alkali mixed solution is not affected with the addition of HPAM, but the viscosities increased. Overall considering the interfacial tension and viscosity, mixed solution including mass fraction of 0.18% HPAM, 0.1% SDOLC, 0.15% NaOH and 0.06% HEDP•Na4 was chose as Gemini surfactant ASP flooding system. The viscosity of this system was 44 mPa•s and oil/water interfacial tension was 2.4×10-2 mN/m. Homogeneous and heterogeneous cores were water flooded until 98% water cut, and then were treated by 0.6 PV Gemini surfactant ASP slug followed by water flooding to give an enhanced oil recovery of 26.11% and 22.25%, respectively.

The gas diffusion coefficient and therefore gasmixing section length was studied by using onedimension mathematical model in combination with three different methods for calculating gas diffusion coefficient (Taylor, TaylorCW and G.R.I). In addition, the predominant factors in affecting the gasmixing section length were also investigated, including pipeline length, diameter and velocity of the flow. And the comparison between the calculation results and field data show that TaylorCW method can reflect the field practice better. The relative errors of the results for three domestic pipelines are 397%, 23.4% and 22.0%, respectively.

Proppant hydrophobic surface treatment can make proppant reduce oil field produced water while support fracture, control sand. The hydrophobic surface treatment method in terms of both ordinary hydrophobic and superhydrophobic was summed up. The ordinary hydrophobic surface preparation method is divided into three aspects of surface active agent, organic silicon material, fluorinecontaining material; the superhydrophobic surface preparation method is divided into the solgel method, electrospinning method, template method, layers of selfassembly and etching method. Those preparation methods was compared, combined with the situation that water suppression proppant was applied to the field, proposed the hydrophobic surface preparation method was applied to the proppant. Using surfactant hydrophobic modification experiments on quartz surface, the effect of the cationic surfactant CTAB is best, contact angle on the surface of the quartz from 13.7° increases to 73.2°, the Surface tension is 48.88 mN/m, the adsorption capacity of 0.292 mg/g. Finally, it is conceived that hydrophobic surface modification methods was applied to other oilfield areas.

A series of biodegradable aliphatic/aromatic copolyesterspoly(butylene terephthalatecobutylene itaconate)(PBTI) were synthesized by melt polycondensation using dimethyl terephthalate (DMT),1,4butanediol(BD) and dimethyl itaconate(DI) as raw materials. The effects of polymerization time, temperature, as well as aliphatic/aromatic mole ratio on physical and thermal properties of the copolyesters were investigated. The structure of the copolyesters was studied by 1HNMR and FTIR. DSC, TGA and GPC analysis clearly indicated that the molecular weight, glasstransition temperature and melting point were influenced by the ratio between DMT and DI in the final copolyesters. In addition, the effect of mole ratio between DMT and DI on the degradability of the copolyesters was studied. Results showed that the degradability of the copolyesters was gradually improved with the increase of the aliphatic units in the chain. 

Nano TiO ₂ photocatalysts were prepared by coprecipitation method with ethanol as solvent and tetrabutyl titanate for precursor. Based on the results from XRD and UV Raman spectroscopy, it can be concluded that the bulk and surface crystal phase and phase composition can be controlled by changing the calcinable temperature. The Rhodamine B was used as the reactant to study influence of the surface phase on photocatalytic activity of TiO ₂. It was found that the photocatalytic activity for decomposition of Rhodamine B was directly related to its surface phase. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity can be enhanced when the surface phase was in the mixture of anatase and rutile.

Solutionpolymerized styrenebutadiene rubber (SSBR) was mainly used in tire, such as tread, carcass and sidewall, because of its excellent abrasion resistance and low temperature performance. But compatibility between SSBR with SiO2 is poor due to its nonpolar . In order to improve compatibility between SSBR with SiO2, series of modified SSBR were prepared by grafting with maleic anhydride (MAH) as graft monomer. The properties of composites composed by SSBR and SiO2 were studied and influence of grafting yield of SSBRgMAH was also investigated. The results showed that the contact angle of SSBRgMAH was decreased, the Mooney viscosity was increased after grafted with MAH and the mechanical properties of rubber was improved when curing time was extended. Dynamic mechanical testing showed that wet skid resistance of vulcanizates was improved and rolling resistance reduced, which will be an ideal material for tire tread.

Cycle stock and inferior catalytic cracking diesel oil with volume ratio 2∶1 were used as crude oil, which was refined by a new type of nano selfassembly catalyst. Orthogonal test was designed to investigate the influence of temperature, space velocity and pressure on HDS,HDN and HDAr. The most significant influence factor on HDS，HDN and HDAr was obtained. Through the representation of BET, it is concluded that multilayer dispersion of nanoparticles on the surface of the catalyst FA1204 was uniformwith average pore diameter 7.7 nm, pore volume 0.26 cm3/g, and specific surface area 132.7 m2/g2 respectively. The results proved that the anti coking performance of FA1204 was better than industrial catalyst F2. The liveness and resistance ability of carbonization of catalyst FA1204 in harsh conditions were compared with industrial catalyst F2 and nano selfassembly catalyst FA2012. The results showed that HDS,HDN,HDAr of the catalyst FA1204 was superior to industial catalyst, the percent conversion of HDS,HDN and HDAr of FA1204 were 66%,34% and 74% respectively, and the percent conversion of HDS,HDN and HDAr of F2 were 40%,24% and 25%,respectively. Therefore, the resistance of coking properties of catalyst FA1204 was superior to catalyst F2. In addition, catalyst FA1204 has a processing capacity of HDAr. 

Al ³⁺/cation exchange resin catalyst was prepared by ion exchange complex, with commercial 732 cation exchange resin as carrier and aluminium trichloride as ion exchangers. The process conditions of the preparation of Al ³⁺/cation exchange resin catalyst were investigated. The experimental results showed that the quality of supported on Al ³⁺ can be up to 2.29% when the decompression drying time of 732 cation exchange resin was 12 h, the solvent was carbon tetrachloride, exchange temperature was 72 ℃, the mass ratio of aluminium trichloride and 732 cation exchange resin was 1∶1, exchange time was 10 h and postprocessing was in turn with the distilled water and ethanol (95%). Al ³⁺/cation exchange resin catalyst was used to catalyze the polymerization of ethylene cracking fraction（C ₉ ）.Al ³⁺/cation exchange resin had good catalytic effect in the mixed olefin system when the reaction occurred at 50 ℃ for 6 h with catalyst dosage 2%( according to the quality of Al ³⁺ content meter). Structure of polymer was verified by infrared spectroscopy.

CeY zeolites were prepared by liquid phase ion exchange (LPIE) and solid state ion exchange (SSIE). The adsorbents were characterized by means of XRD,N ₂ physisorption,ICP and the total surface acidity of the adsorbents was monitored by NH ₃TPD and in situ FTIR spectroscopy using pyridine as a probe. Properties of selective adsorptive desulfurization of HDS gasolines on the adsorbents have been investigated in this paper by using a fixedbed adsorber and a GCSCD technique. The adsorption capacity was found to follow the order of SCeY＞LCeY＞NaY＞HY. After LPIE and SSIE, and CeY zeolites had different surface acidity from NaY and HY, which greatly affected the adsorption desulfurization process. Additionally, Brnsted (B) acid sites was thought toresult in catalytic reaction of thiophene.

Solvent refining on the second vacuum dewaxed distillate refined from the mixed oil of Daqing and Weizhou using furfural was investigated. Calibration on theoretical plate number in the extraction column, multistage static extraction and pilot plant experiment were carried out in turns. The results show that theoretical plate number in the column is two. Viscosity index of refined oil is 100 under both simulatetwostage extractions when the value of volume ratio of solvent to oil (S/O) was 5.47∶1 and simulatefourstage extractions when the S/O was 3.2∶1, and the yield of refined oil is 64.07% and 66.01% respectively. Besides, viscosity index of the refined oil is 101 in the pilot plant with four theoretical plates when the S/O was 327∶1, and the yield of refined oil is 70.5%. The lubricating base oil meets the quality specification of HVI150SN.

The mixed petroleum resin emulsion prepared from theC ₅ and C ₉ petroleum resin were modified with maleic anhydride. The effects of the mixing ratio between theC ₅ and C ₉ petroleum resin，amount of maleic rosin and maleic anhydride, modification time and the alkali liquor on properties of the emulsion were discussed. The results showed that the optimum process conditions were: C ₅ petroleum resin/C ₉ petroleum resin mixing ratio of 1∶3, maleic anhydride mass fraction of 1.5%, maleic rosin mass fraction of 9%, NaOH mass fraction of 2%, petroleum resin modification temperature of 200 ℃, petroleum resin modification time of 3 h, and modified petroleum resin emulsion/wax emulsion mixing ratio of 1∶2.

A process of pressureswing distillation for separation of acetonitrileand water was simulated by using Aspen Plus. The UNIQUAC equation was used for calculating vaporliquid equilibrium data of acetonitrilewater mixture. The relationship between the feed stage and reflux ration for the separation of acetonitrilewater was studied by sensitive analysis. The requirement for acetonitrile reached to 99.7%, when the high column at the pressure was 350 kPa, the number of stages was 30, the feed stage was 10 and the mole reflux ration was 1.5.

The influence of salinity on the shape, size and plugging property of crosslinked polyacrylamide microspheres were studied by nuclearpore film filtration experiment and sandpacked model, rheology and dynamic light scattering. The results show that the microspheres with different salinity all plug effectively. The experiments of sandpacked model showed that the salinity has little effect on the plugging properties, and not affects the plugging depth in the model at all. The viscosity of microspheres dispersed system increased with the increasing of shear rate, which displayed the minimal dilatants liquid property, and the salt concentration had little influence on the rheology of crosslinked microspheres. When the salinity increased, the microspheres had more stereo sense and smaller size, but these are only small changes.

In order to resolve the problems of high injection pressure in the low permeability reservoirs, the CMC, interfacial tension, wettability and depressurization effect of a depressure and augmented injection agent WHS has been studied in laboratory. The results indicated that the effect of reduce oilwater interfacial tension was best when the concentration of WHS solution was around 50 mg/L. WHS solution can be used to reduce the oilwater interfacial tension and change wettability of rocks. Reduce pressure experimental results showed that WHS solution has obvious effect on reducing the pressureand increasing the note and the injection pressure could be reduced by 20%, showing a good prospect.

Unlike the conventional perforation, advantage zone of reservoir can be implemented hydraulic jetting, finally microboreholes are formed between borehole and reservoir by high pressure jetting, and it can reach 100 meters far. On the basis of directional function of microboreholes, we’ll proceed to carry on the hydraulic fracturing technology, and then deep penetration artificial fractures are formed in the target formations, eventually to achieve the purpose of efficient reservoir reconstruction. The technology mechanism and procedure were introduced, the key parameters were optimized, and the rational treatments of volcanic formation were proposed according to the reservoir characteristic of Liaohe oilfield. The “directional deep penetration fracturing technology by hydraulic jetting” was applied successfully in the well of Liaohe eastern sag, and obtained high production. This technology was the first application in domestic oilfield, and brought a new method to develop volcanic formation including other difficulttoproduce reservoirs.

The appropriate HLB of emulsifier was screened and evaluated, and emulsion with strong stability was selected. Static test results showed that emulsion had good resistance and salt resistance. With the increasing salinity, stable performance of the emulsion decreased slightly. The flow resistance can be improved 140 times when the liquid viscosity was high, illustrating that the emulsion system had the good displacement effect in high temperature and salinity conditions. Displacement experiments show that the matching of emulsion drops with pore throat decides transport of emulsion liquid in porous media capabilities. 

The effective degradation of bioenzymatic can make the polymer changed from longchain to shortchain and the viscosity will be decreased, and the mud cake can be well cleared up. For this purpose, the viscosity exhaustion method was used, the bioenzymatic corresponding to different polymer were preferred, and four recipes of biodegradable drilling fluid were settled. The properties of drilling fluid have been obtained through the filter cake removal experiments and the permeability recovery experiments. The results show that the different kinds of polymers correspond to different optimal biological enzymes, X1, X6, X3 and X6 are the optimal enzyme corresponds to CMC, PACLV, HEC and guar gum drilling fluid respectively; Four recipes of enzyme biodegradable drilling fluid preferred are of higher practical value, which could clean up the mud cake after drilling process, and the degree of injury of the reservoirs is smaller.

The development of glutenite reservoir is controlled by lithology and lithofacies, so, to carry out the identification of lithology and lithofacies of glutenite has the vital significance. In order to indentify the lithofacies with logs, firstly lithofacies types and marks was investigated, according to the core observation, the glutenite of Mabei is taken as fan delta deposits and has five types of subfacies. Different subfacies has significantly different lithology and structure characteristics which can be used as marks of lithofacies identification. Secondly, the crossplot is established by using the conventional data to identify lithology and identification model for identification of structure and texture was built with the FMI data. Finally, glutenite facies of Mabei area were effectively identified by using this method, which will provide a calibration for the seismic prediction glutenite reservoir.

Reservoir of Ci 9 Block is a reservoir of secondary porosity and high permeability with edge water, the disadvantages of vertical well development appear more and more. Feasibility demonstrations of horizontal well development come to a conclusion that advantage is obvious of horizontal well development in this block. On the basis of remaining oil distribution regularity, development programs of horizontal well has been done by using the method of numerical simulation. The key targe layers, direction and length of horizontal section were identified and predicted the results. It turned out that horizontal well development is far better than vertical well development from the cumulative oil production and water cut rising. These provide a new direction for further development Ci 9 Block.

Reservoir pressure will drop greatly with the increment of steam injection cycle. Meanwhile production effect of huff and puff will become worse. Feasibility of steam flooding for shallow extraheavy oil reservoir was researched through the analysis of reservoir temperature,pressure and oil saturation after several steam injection cycles. Production performance of steam flooding was predicted based on parameter optimization. Meanwhile economic evaluation was discussed. The results show that steam flooding for extraheavy oil reservoir is technically and economically feasible.

Using the VOF model of computational fluid dynamics to simulate oilwater twophase flow in horizontal sudden expansion pipe and contractible pipe, the crude oil in the twophase flow is medium viscous oil and the moisture content is high, ranging from 50% to 80%. The results show that: the different water content flow in oilwater twophase flow in the sudden expansion pipe and sudden contraction pipe belong to oilinwater stream, the pressure fluctuation in diameter mutation changes obviously, but the pressure change trend is affected little when the moisture content changes from 50% to 80%. Flow in the mutant diameter pipes with different water content of oilwater twophase flow pattern obtained can provide certain reference when involving mixed oilwater twophase flow transportation problems in crude oil pipeline.

The thermochemical settlement characteristics of Sudan Palouge FPF water cut crude oil joined different types of demulsifier through the indoor experiment was studied. The results show that: for the crude oil emulsion with different water content on different emulsification condition, the best emulsion breaking temperature for the demulsifier TS101 is 80 ℃, the optimum concentration is 170~180 mg/L, most of the oil samples tend to be stable after settled for 13 hours, 19 hours later all of the oil samples met the target that the water content is less than 5% after dehydration.

The temperature drop in submarine oil pipeline during shutdown was simulated using Fluent software．The results show that the temperature drop is very quickly after the pipeline shutdown 0~20 h, mainly because the nature convection in the pipeline of the crude oil is relatively strong; the temperature drop becomes slowly after shutdown for 20 hours, which is less than 5 ℃, that’s because the temperature of the crude oil is close to the critical temperature, the viscosity of the crude oil increases and the wax crystal separates out, which reduces the intensity of natural convection. The initial temperature in oil pipeline and sea temperature have great effect on the temperature drop.

Hydrophobic modification of 152 magnesium hydroxide sulfate hydrate (MHSH) whisker was studied using ethyl alcohol as the solvent and heptadecafluoroalkylsilane（ACFAS） as modifier. The morphology, crystalline state and composition of products before and after hydrophobic modification were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and contact angle measurements (CAM), respectively. The characterization results indicated that 152 MHSH was successfully coated by the modifierand the hydrophobic 152 MHSH whiskers were obtained. The ideal hydrophobic surface with water contact angle of 126° was achieved when the whisker was treated for 1 h. FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis showed that there were no change in the crystal form of whiskers, and ACFAS molecules were successfully coated on the surface of MHSH whiskers.

Ecofriendly rubber oil was prepared from the Middle East medium distillates mixture by onetime extraction with mixed solvents to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This paper presented the comparative study on the extraction effects of solvents A, B, C and the mixed solvents of the three solvents. And the effect of solvents mixed ratio, the ratio of solvents and oil, extracting temperature, and extracting time on extraction were investigated, too. The results indicated that mixed solvents had better selectivity and solubility. With the solvents mixed ratio of m(C)/m(A)=1∶1 and extractant to oil ratio of 2∶1, extracting at 45 ℃ for 10 min, the polycyclic aromatics content in raffinate oil could be reduced from 5.74% to 2.78%, meeting the EU instruction 2005/69/EC requirements, and the yield of product reached 88.1%. All in all, the final product had similar qualities compared to VIVATEC 500.

The CuHY zeolites adsorbents with different Cu loadings were prepared via impregnation method. The crystal structure of the adsorbent was characterized by XRD, and the surface acidity was measured by PyFTIR technique. The adsorption desulfurization performance was evaluated using fixed bed method with a WK2D micro coulometer analyzer. The results show that the adsorbents have the best adsorption desulfurization ability when the copper loading is 4%. The adsorption desulfurization performance becomes better with the decrease of the ratio of B acid amount and L acid amount. However, the adsorption desulfurization ability reduces severely, when copper loading is too large which results the surface copper oxide species, even though there is no B acidic sites existing on the surface of the adsorbent.

The macroporous alumina carrier as the host of catalysts were prepared by supersolubility stiu selfassembly method. The properties of carrier were characterized by BET, TEM, XRD and so on. In MoNiP solution, macroporous hostguest catalyst was prepared using the positive micelle as template. The effect of different amount and type of surfactant on the formation of micelles was examined. The most appropriate amount of template was optimized. The hostguest macroporous catalytic materials were characterization by BET and electron microprobe analysis method (EMPA). The results showed that the catalytic material had pore volume of 0.38 cm3/g, specific surface area of 61~ 90 m2/g, average pore size of 9.3 ~13 nm, most probable pore diameter of 12.5 nm and 45 nm. The pore size distribution in the range of 10 ~60 nm were highly concentrated which occupied about 53%~70%. The amount of active metal was between 18% and 27%, and it evenly dispersed in the catalyst by EMPA analysis. 

Through anion exchange, heteropolyacid ionic liquids named IL2 were prepared, using a kind of ionic liquids named IL1 which was synthesised before, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR and TG confirmed the structure of IL2. The results of NMR determine the structure of C and H to the IL2,IR shows that the molecular compound kept keggin structure, and TG illustrates that IL2 possessed good thermal stability.Finally, it was applied in catalytic esterification reaction of acetic acid and ethanol. By changing the reaction time, temperature, molar ratio of acid and alcohol, anount of catalyst, The results show that the optimal conditions are as follows: under 70 ℃, 5 h, molar ratio of acid and alcohol is 1∶5, molar ratio of catalyst and acid is 1∶300, reaction efficiency can be up to 92.31%.

Calix［4］arene Sulfonic Acid Sodium was used as a non homogenous catalyst for synthesis of nButyl acetate using acetic acid and nbutyl alcohol as raw materials. The effects of reaction conditions, such as the quantity of catalyst, the ratio of the reactants and reaction time were discussed respectively. The product was characterized by index of refraction. The suitable conditions for the reaction were as follows: acetic acid 0.1 mol, molar ratio of nbutyl alcohol to acetic acid 1.2, catalyst amout 1 g, reaction time 4 h, the yield of nbutyl acetate can reach 81.41%. The catalyst could be used repeatedly keeping its initial activity. 

Cationic emulsions with asphalt concentration 0.60 and 0.70 in mass were prepared respectively. Shear viscosity of the emulsions was obtained at different temperature and shear rate by using a rotating viscometer. Relation between apparent viscosity and temperature data was fitted by functional relation, and the apparent activation energy was calculated based on the apparent viscosity measuring at different temperature. The results showed that the emulsions presented a pseudo-plasticity behavior. The relationship between apparent viscosity and temperature could be described by a power law relation. Apparent activation energy of the two emulsions was 22.607 4 kJ/mol and 31.363 7 kJ/mol, respectively.

The total chlorine content in crude oil was determined by the Microcoulometry. The optimal conditions for microcoulometry detection wereat 950 ℃ with O2 flow rate of 300 mL/min. The measurement results were reliable and the relative errors range was from 0.71% to 2.47% by this method and standard method. The total chlorine content and organic chlorine content in crude oil were detected by microcoulometry. Then the inorganic chlorine content was calculated. The microcoulometry method can avoid the determination content of inorganic chlorine content in crude oil. The microcoulometry had many advantages, such as fast measure speed, easy operation and small manmade error. 

The isomerization of nhexane over Mo ₂C /Mo O ₂ - Z r O ₂ catalyst was investigated. First, the precursor solid superacid Mo O ₃ - Z r O ₂ was prepared by coprecipitation process, using the mixture of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and polyethylene glycol 20000 as templates. It can be seen that the precursor samples had applicable surface area, pore diameter and volume from the BET and FTIR characterization of the Mo ₂C/MoO ₂ZrO ₂.The total acid of precursor Mo O ₃ - Z r O ₂had a large decline after carbonized. The conversion and selectivity of Mo ₂C/MZP0.005C0.5 are much more than single auxiliary catalystafter adding catalyst mixed assistant. The conversion rate and selectivity reached 67.5%, 75.2%, respectively.

HY/MCM41 mesomicroporous composite materials composed of a core of HY zeolite and a thin layer of MCM41 have been synthesized by the overgrown crystallization. The samples were characterized by means of Xray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorptiondesorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Pyridine in situ infrared (PyIR) and Intelligent Gravimetric Analyzer (IGA) instruments. It was found that the composite material exhibited both properties of mesoporous MCM41 and microporous HYzeolite sieves. Adsorptive desulfurization performances of Ce ion supported over the synthesized composites as a sulfur adsorbent were evaluated. It was found that when the adsorbent was prepared by a solidstate grinding method with sulfur capacity of 1.81 mg/g can be obtained. While for the liquid ion exchange method, only 1.32 mg/g sulfur capacity can be reached. Through the batch methods it is found that for the former modified adsorbents the desulfurization degree can be reached to 90.6% while the latter only 81.2%. It also can be found that the Brnsted (B) acid of the adsorbent inhibited the adsorption desulfurization whereas the Lewis (L) acid, especially weak L acid, had a positive effecton adsorption desulfurization.

The rheology of fracturing fluid is one of the important factors that influence the fracturing effect. The rheology, heat resistance and shear resistance of fracturing fluid (GRJ11)were studied which was consisted with guar gum and crosslinking agent(FYC160) in Shengli oilfield. Its microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of experimental tests showed that, the fracturing fluid system had higher property of viscosifying ability, shear resistance and more perfect threedimensional crosslinked network structure. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid could keep about 90 mPa•s after shearing at 170 s-1 for 40 min．The guar gum fracturing fluid system was applied to the field successfully for 12 oil wells，and the average oil production was 5.53 t/d and the average water cut was 39.74% after dealing with 12 wells. The GRJ11 system could match the need of the well with the low reservoir permeability of Es4 of Bin 661 black．

Based on bore hole data, the volumetric method to calculate the resources of oil shale in the 1st member of Qingshankou formation and the 1st2nd member of Nenjiang formation in Songliao Basin were adopted. A reasonable area dividing scheme was established taking the 2nd member of Nenjiang formation as criterion when the area distribution of the three sets of oil shale was determined. Subblock dividing and subblock area calculation were proceeded on the three researching formations using geographic information system ArcGIS and the actual area of each subblock was 537 km2. 1st member of Qingshankou formation, 1st member of Nenjiang formation and 2nd member of Nenjiang formation were divided into 147 subblocks, 197 subblocks and 246 subblocks respectively. According to the theory of trend surface method, oil shale thickness tendency value equation was obtained using algorithm software MATLAB where the spatial distribution coordinates were considered as independent variable and the relative thickness tendency values as dependent variable. Further more, this paper did fitting analysis on oil shale thickness spatial distribution, and the fitting results were satisfied which ensured the accuracy of calculation. The oil shale resources of the three formations were obtained after the determination of the area and thickness of those subblocks. The results are 1 272 400 million tons, 887 310 million tons and 987 240 million tons for 1st member of Qingshankou formation, 1st member of Nenjiang formation and 2nd member of Nenjiang formation respectively.