Journal of Petrochemical Universities

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Technology of Phaeodactylum Tricornutum to Extract Fatty Acid for the Biodiesel Production

HE Feng, FU Peng-cheng,XU Chun-ming

Abstract （1882）

PDF （300KB）（912）

In order to understand the effect of light，carbon sources and concentration on the phaeodactylum tricornutum, the culture medium containing glucose，acetate and glycerol were chose, the biomass, cell concentration, biochemical substances and fatty acid content were tested. The results show that the phaeodactylum tricornutum is photoautotroph and mixotroph, which with selectivity for substrate concentration and organic carbon sources, the optimum concentration of glucose is 20 mmol/L, the optimal growth condition in 500 mL flask contains that the temperature is （25±1） ℃, the light intensity is 50 μmol/(m2·s), the pH is 7.5. Whatever the carbon sources are able to promote the biomass accumulation. When the cell concentration achieve to 2.5×106 cells/mL in the evening of the culture, the protein, sugar, chlorophyll and TOL content were analyzed. The biomass accumulation and biomass change in different growth conditions were determined. By ultrasonic extraction and Soxhelt extraction, the total of lipid reaches 20%(dry weight); The fatty acid content and composition with GC-MS were measured, and found the C16∶0 and C16∶1 are 34.8% and 11.9% (mass fraction) respectively, which are more than other components and could be used to extract bio-diesel.

2011, 24 (1): 1-5. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.001

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The Microstructure and Surface Fractal Characters of Montmorillonite Modified by Quaternary Ammonium Salts

ZHENG Guang, GAO Mang-lai,LUO Zhong-xin, LI Xiao-yan

Abstract （1931）

PDF （389KB）（940）

Na-montmorillonite(Na-MMT) was modified by gemini quaternary ammonium salts (MD, DMB) and mono-quaternary ammonium salt (HTMAB) through the intercalation. Changes in the surfaces and microstructure were characterized using N ₂ adsorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and fourier transform infared spectrometer(FT-IR). The results show that the BET surface area and the basal spacings of MMT are reduced when modified by MD, DMB or HTMAB, which is contrast to the MMT when modified by the monovalent quaternary ammonium salts with long chain. The quaternary ammonium salts have intercalate into the interlamellar space of montmorillonite and the microstructure has changed. The surface properties change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. In addition, the fractal dimension(D) of organo-MMT is decreased, that is to say, the porosity distribution is more uniformity. 

2011, 24 (1): 6-11. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.002

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Preparation of Hydrogenation of Nitrobenzene to p-Aminophenol Using NiB/C Catalyst

SONG Wei,WANG Wang-yin,ZHANG Yu,et al

Abstract （2133）

PDF （342KB）（931）

Supported amorphous alloy NiB/C was used as catalyst, and zinc sulfate solution was used as acidic medium in the preparation of catalytic hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol.The effect of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time, mass of NiB/C catalyst and zinc sulfate on the reaction were studied, the range of reaction conditions of higher selectivity of p-aminophenol was obtained. The better experimental program was determined through the establishment of the orthogonal experiment which has five factors and four levels: reaction temperature is 120 ℃, reaction pressure is 0.1 MPa, reaction time is 3 h, the catalyst addition is 3 g, zinc sulfate addition is 4 g. The results show that the conversion rate of nitrobenzene is 86.78%, the selectivity of p-aminophenol and aniline are 15.62% and 76.02% respectively.

2011, 24 (1): 12-17. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.003

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The Synthesis and Properties of LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

YANG Zhan-xu, QIAO Qing-dong

Abstract （788）

PDF （318KB）（625）

LiNi _0.8Co _0.2O ₂ cathode material for lithium-ion batteries was prepared from sol-gel method using nitrates and starch as the starting materials. The synthesized material was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. The XRD data of the product show that the synthesized material are single phases and all the peaks are indexable to the layered α-NaFeO ₂ structure. The synthesized LiNi _0.8Co _0.2O ₂ presents a narrow distribution of small particles and exhibits a good electrochemical property with initial discharge specific capacity of 183.1 mAh/g and the discharge specific capacity of 171.3 mAh/g after 50 cycles in the voltage range 2.75~4.50 V (versus Li+/Li) at a constant current density of 0.2 mA/cm2.

2011, 24 (1): 18-20. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.004

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Influence of Reactive Conditions on n-Heptane Isomerization Products Over Mo2C/HB Catalys

CHANG Yong, WANG Hai-yan,ZHU Jing

Abstract （948）

PDF （379KB）（548）

Molybdenum carbide supported on Hβ zeolite catalysts were prepared by the method of temperature programmed reduction used the n-pentane as a carburizing agent and characterized by XRD. Isomerization of n-heptane over the Hβ zeolite supported molybdenum carbide catalysts was carried out in a fixed bed. Effects of reaction parameters on the products distribution were investigated and the mechanism of n-heptane isomerization was discussed.The results show that isomerization of n-heptane is according to dimerization cracking mechanism and metal cyclobutane mechanism. Major isomerized products of n-heptane are methylhexanes. Simultaneously, dimethyl pentanes, cycloparaffins and some cracked products are produced. The reaction temperature do not influence the isomerization to methylhexane obviously in 533～553 K, but increased temperature can promote the cracking reaction. Arising of hydrogen pressure inhibit both isomerization and hydrocracking. Decreased space velocity is benefit to the conversion from methylhexanes to imethyl pentanes. The increasing hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio inhibited isomerization, but had no effect on cracking reaction.

2011, 24 (1): 21-25. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.005

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QSRR Study for Polyhalogenated Biphenyls Using Artificial Neural Network

ZHANG Xiao-tong,GUO Jing-jing,REN Chuang,et al

Abstract （797）

PDF （299KB）（491）

A series of polyhalogenated biphenyls have been used to develop quantitative structure-retention relationship for their gas and liquid chromatographic retention index by using two 2D descriptors of the atom type electrotopogical state index and the molecular electronegativity distance vector based on 13 atomic types. QSRR of 55 kinds of polyhalogenated biphenyls models were built by multiple liner regression and artificial neural network. The results show that using artificial neural network method is better than [KG*4]using [KG*4]multivariate [KG*4]linear [KG*4]regression, the [KG*4]predictive [KG*4]correlation [KG*4]coefficient R can reach above 0.99. It is demonstrated that using artificial neural network method can accurately predict polyhalogenated biphenyls gas and liquid chromatographic retention index.

2011, 24 (1): 26-29. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.006

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Influence of Preparation Conditions on the Crystal Phase of Nano-ZrO2 Prepared by Precipitation

ZHANG Jing, YAN Song

Abstract （709）

PDF （305KB）（571）

ZrO ₂ nanoparticle was prepared by precipitation method using ZrOCl ₂ as precursor. The influences of the adding rate of precipitation agent, washing and drying method on the particle size and crystalline phase of ZrO ₂ nanoparticles were studied. It is found that the transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic is delayed when Zr(OH) ₄ was washed by ethanol. When NH ₃·H ₂O was added rapidly and ZrO ₂ was dried by vacuum, the phase transformation of ZrO ₂ is inhibited obviously.

2011, 24 (1): 30-33. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.007

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The Synthesis of Cyclohexanone Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Decatungstate Containing Pyridine

GAO Yu-huan,Lv Zhen-bo,LIU Dan,et al

Abstract （686）

PDF （237KB）（494）

Catalytic oxidation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone catalyzed by quaternary ammonium decatungstate, with 30%H ₂O ₂ as the oxidant, had been investigated. The effect of reaction time, reaction temperature, the oxidant amount and catalyst amount on catalytic performance were studied. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions are as follows: 50 mmol cyclohexanol, 0.06 mmol catalyst, 125 mmol H ₂O ₂, 80 ℃ reacting for 8 h; At the optimum reaction conditions, the conversion of cyclohexanol is 86.5% and the selectivity of cyclohexanone could reach 98.3%. After reaction, the catalyst is immiscible in the reaction system and could be recycled after simple filtering, and no obvious changes on the catalytic activity could be found after recycling three times.

2011, 24 (1): 34-36. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.008

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Synthesis of Schiff Base and Analysis for Protection Performance of SAMs on Silver Surface

LIU Lin, CHU Mao-yang, XING Jin-juan,et al

Abstract （723）

PDF （235KB）（508）

The self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) was synthesized in order to seek low-cost and high-yield exploration of ideas. It was assembled to the metal surface, thus achieving the purpose of preventing metal corrosion. Salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base was synthesized with salicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine. Optimum conditions were identified. The products were certificated by melting point, infrared spectra and mass spectra. The result was that salicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine Schiff base was identified. The Schiff base was first served as additives in a peanut oil and self-assembled on the surface of silver. The SAMs were described with Jinxiang microscope technique. Simultaneously it was briefly characterized with CV method. The results show that the heterogeneous electron transfer can be inhibited by Schiff base SAMs. The assembling rate of SAMs is fast and stable. Corrosion of the silver strip body is reduced. Effectiveness and value of metal protection are summarized on Schiff base SAMs.

2011, 24 (1): 37-40. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.009

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Furfural Process Denitrogenating of Lube Base Oil Into Which the Assistants is Added

LI DONG-sheng,ZHANG Yi,SONG Yi,ZHAI Yu-chun

Abstract （718）

PDF （248KB）（493）

In order to improve the oxidation stability of lube oil, the denitrogeneration refining laboratory scale test and pilotscale experiment had been done systematically for the second and third vacuum side dewaxed oil of No.1 refinery with the method of complex extraction. The results show that the mixed solvent of furfural and metallic salt can remove the basic nitrogen compounds in dewaxed oil effectively, the basic nitrogen compounds constituents in dewaxed oil were decreased from 432.32 μg/g to 91.99 μg/g,the denitrification percent was 78.12%. A fitting operation condition that the No.1 refinerys third vacuum side dewaxed oil was well extracted with furfural in laboratory was quantity of additive 6 g/kg,refining temperature 118 ℃,refining time 20 min, solvent to oil volume ratio 2.0,settling time 30 min.While a fitting operation condition that the refining oil was well extracted with atlapulgite quantity of atlapulgite 2.5%, refining temperature 150 ℃, refining time 20 min,atlapulgite wasnt torfiyed.

2011, 24 (1): 41-43. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.010

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Synthesis and Property of N,N,N-3-Ethyl-2-Hydroxy-3-Lauroyloxy Propyl Triethyl Ammonium Chloride

ZHANG Rong-ming,ZHANG Zhen-yu,MA Dong-hui,et al

Abstract （1674）

PDF （280KB）（390）

The N,N,N-3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-lauroyloxy propyl triethyl ammonium chloride (CELA) was synthesized with lauric acid, epichlorohydrin and triethylamine as the main starting materials. The main reaction include esterification and quaternization. The reaction process was studied and the result as follows, the esterification conditions: n(lauric acid)/n(epichlorohydrin)=1.0:1.2, reaction temperature was 80 ℃, reaction time was 8 h,benzyl triethylammonium chloride (TEBAC) was the catalyst and the lauric acid-2-hydroxy-3-chlorine-propyl ester yield rate is 98.7%. The quaternization conditions: n(intermediate)/n(triethylamine)=1.0:1.8, the temperature was 80 ℃, isopropyl alcohol was the solvent, reaction time was 25 h,the active mass fraction of purified production is 95.0%. The product was identified by FT-IR and the property was tested. The cmc of CELA solution was 0.21 mmol/L and surface tension was 33.27 mN/m at 25 ℃. The antiswelling rate to kaoline is 80% when the mass concentration of CELA was 20 g/L. Corrosion mitigation rate to A3 steel is 87.5% when the mass concentration of CELA was 40 mg/L.

2011, 24 (1): 44-47. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.011

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Direct Synthesis of Nb-SBA-15 and the Catalytic Oxidation Performance of Styrene

BAI Xiang-xiang, SHEN Jian,WEI Tian-sheng

Abstract （608）

PDF （404KB）（504）

Niobium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves Nb-SBA-15 were synthesized by using Nb ₂O ₅ as niobium source. The molecular sieves were characterized by means of small angle XRD, BET, FT-IR，DTA. The results show that with niobium loaded on SBA-15, it possess characteristic structure of SBA-15. The (Z)-Nb-SBA-15 molecular sieve catalyst has a high catalytic activity for the oxidition of styrene, at the temperature 70 ℃, n(styrene)/n(H ₂O ₂)/n(acetone)= 1∶2∶2, the quantity of catalyst was 10.0% of [KG*4]the [KG*4]raw [KG*4]material, reaction [KG*4]time 10 h, the [KG*4]conversion [KG*4]of [KG*4]styrene [KG*4]is [KG*4]up [KG*4]to 43.21%, the selectivity of benzaldehyde is up to 94.32%, and the catalyst has good stability, is a preferred solid acid catalyst.

2011, 24 (1): 48-51. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.012

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Physical Simulation on Thermal Water Flooding After Steam Flooding in Different Rhythm Heavy Oil Reservoir

WANG Zheng-dong

Abstract （736）

PDF （825KB）（571）

Aiming at conventional heavy oil reservoir, 3-D dimensional cross-section model was employed to study thermal water flooding or water-steam alternative injection after steam flooding in anti-rhythm reservoir, positive rhythm reservoir and composite rhythm reservoir. The results show that steam trended to flow on the top of reservoir due to over lap of injection steam. Steam channeling is more easily generated in anti-rhythm reservoir than in positive rhythm reservoir. Thermal water flooding and water-steam alternative injection after steam flooding could carry remaining heat to migrate into the bottom of reservoir, so amount of heavy oil in reservoir can be recovered. The recovery efficiency of water-steam alternative injection is obviously higher than thermal water flooding and water cut decreased largely during water-steam alternative injection.

2011, 24 (1): 52-58. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.013

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Experimental Method and Its Applications of Threshold Pressure Gradient of Heavy Oil in Porous Media

NING Li-hua

Abstract （820）

PDF （421KB）（502）

According to seepage law and material balance principle of single phase fluid in porous media, a one-dimensional theoretical model of heavy oil seepage is established based on micro-compressible property and non-linear flow of heavy oil in porous media. Two experimental methods of unsteady state seepage are designed to measure the threshold pressure gradient of heavy oil in porous media. Experimental pressure with time at the inlet of porous media was matched by adjusting the threshold pressure gradient during the two processes of constant flow injection and shutting the inlet, so the threshold pressure gradient of heavy oil in porous media was calculated at different temperatures. The threshold pressure gradient of heavy oil was more precise by calculating from shutting the inlet than constant flow injection. The reason was that the experimental method of shutting the inlet of porous media only measures pressure without considering oil phase flow at the inlet of porous media. The method has advantages of easily operation, rapid stabilization and high accuracy.

2011, 24 (1): 59-63. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.014

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Application of EOS and Activity Coefficient Approach to the Calculation o fLiquid and Solid Phase Equilibrium

XIANG Min， GONG Jing

Abstract （772）

PDF （344KB）（523）

The crude and wax liquid/solid phase equilibrium calculation was performed with the liquid phase described by EOS and activity coefficient approach and the solid phase described by solution theory respectively. The effects of PR, SRK equations and activity coefficient approach describing liquid phase characteristics on liquid/solid phase equilibrium calculation were compared. The analysis on study case show that the calculation results are similar if the liquid phase is described by PR and SRK equations, and the calculation results are also similar if liquid and solid phases are both described by activity coefficient approach. The above results confirm that for the crude/wax deposition phase equilibrium calculation, EOS or activity coefficient approach can be used to describe liquid phase characteristics, which affect the phase equilibrium calculation a little.

2011, 24 (1): 64-67. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.015

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Influence of Geometrical Structure on Fluid Flow in Nozzle

QIU Qing-gang， LIU Li-na

Abstract （629）

PDF （561KB）（530）

The VOF (volume of fluid) method was employed to predict the characteristic of gas-liquid two-phase flow in desalination swirl nozzle. The numerical result was compared with the experimental data and they agree with each other very well. Analyse nozzle with different nozzle diffusion angles and export diameters and we can draw conclusions that the larger diffusion angle is, the greater liquid cone angle appears and it's not the bigger the better about diffusion angle. There is an optimal value in actual application. Nozzle diffusion angle will affect the velocity of inspiratory airflow by air cone. Air cone diameter decreases with nozzle diameter decreases, and there are two skips in velocity curves. One is in just entering the nozzle position (z=0.05 m), another is between nozzle export contraction and export expansion (0.02~0.04 m). Liquid closed to the exit of nozzle accelerates more rapidly with the nozzle diameter decreases and radial velocity on the outlet section becomes larger.

2011, 24 (1): 68-72. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.016

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Development of Expert System on Crude Oil Storage and Transportation Facilities

WU Jiang-tao,LU Ya-hong,GAO Hui,et al

Abstract （749）

PDF （386KB）（462）

Based on experiments on thermo-physical properties of crude oils and numerical simulations of oil tanks and pipes, heat-transfer calculation was carried out. With the calculation result, an expert system was developed on MFC and C/C++. The expert system affords oils’ thermo-physical properties data at different temperatures and the optimal operation parameters. It also provides unsteady temperature fields data and estimations on operation process. So strategic decisions on operation could be offered to oil depots. By the expert system, energy consumption is cut down for the oil depots, and the aim of decreasing cost is also gained.

2011, 24 (1): 73-77. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.017

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Numerical Analysis and Research About the Thermal Response of the LNG Storage Tank in the Fire Environment

LI Su,CHEN Bao-dong,ZHANG Zheng-ting,et al

Abstract （1522）

PDF （349KB）（486）

The mathematical model of the natural convection and the gasified mass transfer about LNG storage tank was established. Three dimension numerical values was applied to simulate the hot response process according to the different fire situation of the vertical and full storage tank.The values analyzes the hot response of the LNG storage tank at different filling ratio and fire situation. The research shows that the temperature in the LNG storage tank rises quickly and the natural convection is fierce at fire initial stage. The filling ratio of the LNG storage tank is higher relatively and the internal pressure response is also quicker, however, the temperature response is slower, what's more, the filling ratio of the LNG storage tank have a bigger effect on the pressure under the situation of the pool fire. The hot response caused by spraying fire is quicker than that of pooling fire. The computing results comply with the actual situation well, the research results may supply theory instruction for the project application.

2011, 24 (1): 78-81. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.018

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The Simulation Analysis of Hydraulic Transient on Blocked Oil Pipeline

SUN Er-guo, WANG Yue, ZHANG Zhi-guo, WU Qi, ZHAO Qing-fu

Abstract （670）

PDF （269KB）（481）

When jams happen to a oil pipeline suddenly, transient pressure mutations will appear in the blocked pipe. It causes a pressurization wave and a decompression wave which respectively spread to the upstream and the downstream at a certain speed. Through establishing hydraulic transient model of pipe jams, using Visual c++ 6.0 to program the characteristics analysis program of jams hydraulic, taking specific pipeline, the characteristics of transient hydraulic which was caused by different jams acreage was simulated. The simulated results show that pressure and flow rate is affected by the different jams acreage. 

2011, 24 (1): 82-85. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.019

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Plugging Properties of Novel Profile Control Agent Carboxymethyl Starch

WANG Bo,LI Ming-yuan

Abstract （706）

PDF （220KB）（473）

To study the plugging properties of novel profile control agent carboxymethyl starch, it uses laboratory-made solvent carboxymethyl starch block experiment as the plugging time under the same filter volume to determine the performance indicators. It is found that the blocking performance is affected by carboxymethyl starch concentration, solution salinity and temperature and time of storage. With increasing the concentration of carboxymethyl starch and salinity, the sealing performance of the solution is improved; the solution of the filtration time is increasing trend at 70 ℃ and is decreasing trend at 90 ℃ with increasing storage time.

2011, 24 (1): 86-88. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.020

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Detection System of Leakage in Crude Petroleum Pipeline Based on Hybrid Wavelet Features Analysis

CHEN Yong, GUAN Jing

Abstract （621）

PDF （282KB）（506）

With the advantage of multi-scale and multi-resolving power of wavelet transform, the leakage features of crude petroleum pipeline were extracted by wavelet analysis. Using the regression method, the real-time measured data of pipeline leakage can be analyzed and recognized. The location can be obtained by the extracted hybrid features. The experiments show the validity of the proposed method. 

2011, 24 (1): 89-92. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.021

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Control of Continuous-Time Singular Markovian Jump Systems With Bounded Transition Probabilities

WANG Guo-liang

Abstract （677）

PDF （252KB）（533）

The H∞ control of continuous-time singular Markovian jump systems (SMJSs) with bounded transition probabilities was discussed. Improved sufficient condition for continuous-time SMJSs to be regular, impulse-free and stochastically stable with γ-disturbance attenuation is established via less conservative estimated inequality. The condition for the existence of H∞ controller is established. Finally, an example is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

2011, 24 (1): 93-96. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.01.022

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The Chemical Mechanism of Heavy Oil Viscosity Reduction in Carbon Dioxide Flooding

ZHANG Long-li,WANG Shan-tang,YANG Guo-hua,et al

Abstract （748）

PDF （243KB）（605）

In order to understand the mechanism of heavy oil viscosity reduction in CO ₂ flooding, the solubility of carbon dioxide in heavy oil was determined under different pressure, and the effect on heavy oil chemical composition of CO ₂ processing was analyzed. Furthermore, the differences between the extracted oil processed by supercritical CO ₂ and the heavy oil were analyzed. The result shows that CO ₂ doesn't change the chemical composition of heavy oil, although its solubility is high in heavy oil, it can get to 105 kg/m ³. During supercritical CO ₂ extraction, saturates have higher solubility in supercritical CO ₂ than resins and asphaltenes. Then the colloidal structure of heavy oil was destroyed during supercritical CO ₂ extraction. The viscosity reduction mainly came from the dilution effect of soluble CO ₂. But the supercritical CO ₂ replaced the small molecules in solvation layer of asphaltene colloids, and reduced the volume of dispersing phase, which also decreased the viscosity.

2011, 24 (2): 1-5. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.001

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Phase Transformation of Nano-TiO2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

ZHANG Jing, YAN Song

Abstract （696）

PDF （298KB）（532）

TiO ₂ nanoparticle was prepared by sol-gel method using Ti(OBu) ₄ as precursor. Phase transformation of TiO ₂ from anatase to rutile was studied by UV Raman spectroscopy, visible Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results from visible Raman spectroscopy are in good agreement with those of XRD patterns. It was observed that anatase in the bulk region starts to change into rutile at 600 ℃. However, from UV Raman spectra, the anatase in the surface region transformed into the rutile phase until the calcination temperature was up to 765 ℃. The inconsistency in the results from the above three techniques suggests that the anatase phase of TiO ₂ at surface region can remain at relatively higher calcination temperatures than that in bulk during the phase transformation. It was suggested that the rutile phase starts to form at the interfaces between the anatase particles of the agglomerated TiO ₂ particles.

2011, 24 (2): 6-9. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.002

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The Acidity of RTH Structure by the Density Functional Theory

PENG Xi-lai, GUI Jian-zhou, LIU Dan,et al

Abstract （754）

PDF （224KB）（515）

The acidity of zeolite with RTH structure had been studied using the density functional theory generalized gradient approximation(GGA) method for the first time. The Al substitution energy of four different T sites and the deprotonation energies of sixteen different Brnsted acid sites were calculated to found the preferred Al substitution energy and acidic strength of different B acid sites. The results show that T4, locating in the opening (0.56 nm×0.25 nm) of 8-membered ring, is the most favorable T site for Al substitution in the RTH structure. With considerations on both structure and acidity, Al ₄-O ₉(H)-Si ₂ and Al ₄-O ₁₆(H)-Si ₄, locating in the intersection part of the two 8-membered ring channel, show stronger Brnsted acidity and are the most possible active sites for acid catalytic reaction.

2011, 24 (2): 10-13. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.003

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Characterization and Pyrolysis Mechanism of Polyphenoxyphosphazene

LIU Jian-wei,YANG Ming-shan,WANG Li

Abstract （1304）

PDF （339KB）（519）

Polyphenoxyphosphazene(PPP) was prepared from nucleophilic substitute reaction poly-(dichlorophosphazene)，which was synthesized by thermal ring-open polymerization through hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene. The structure and property of PPP were analyzed by FT-IR, NMR, TGA. Pyrolysis mechanism of PPP was discussed by pyrolysis gas chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show that PPP has good heat resistance and has different thermal decomposition mode in high temperature, the side groups fracture at 400 ℃, main chain fracture above 500 ℃.

2011, 24 (2): 14-17. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.004

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Preparation of CuO-SnO₂ Gas Sensor and Its Sensitive Effect

FAN Wen-yu,LI Xiao-chao, WANG Li,YAO Hui,JIN Biao

Abstract （677）

PDF （372KB）（518）

The CuO doped SnO ₂ nanocrystalline powders were prepared by the Sol-Gel method, which were used to manufacture gas sensors with good gas-sensing characterization. Treatment at different temperature was investigated. The gas sensitive effect on gas had been measured to the powders which had different concentrations. The results show that the prepared nano-sized powders have large specific surface area, high surface activation and the rational annealing temperature is 650 ℃,SnO ₂ gas sensors doped 4%(molar fraction) CuO have high sensitivity and high selectivity especially for greenhouse gas CO ₂. 

2011, 24 (2): 18-21. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.005

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Treatment of Acrylic Fiber Wastewater Using Nanofiltration

HOU Ya-hui，ZHANG Hong-lin，LI Chang-bo,et al

Abstract （621）

PDF （239KB）（447）

The nanofiltration (NF) membrane was used in the advanced treatment of acrylic fiber wastewater. The COD and NH3-N removal efficiency, salt rejection and color removal ratio of the further treatment by NF were investigated. The influences of different operating pressures and operating time on permeate flux were also examined experimentally. The results indicate that the rejection ratio of COD and NH3-N are higher than 96% and 95% respectively. The salt rejection ratio is higher than 94.5% and color removal efficiency is up to 100%.The experimental results prove that the permeate flux of NF increases with operating pressure and decreases with operating time. The efficiency of NF is best when the operating pressure was 0.6 MPa. The effluent quality complies to national discharge standard and meets recovery criteria.

2011, 24 (2): 22-25. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.006

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Controlled/Living RadicalPolymerization of Acrylamidein Aqueous Media by ATRP

AN Hui-yong,SONG Chun-lei

Abstract （1055）

PDF （260KB）（470）

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylamide was carried out in aqueous solution at 50 ℃ using water soluble initiator 2-chloropropionamide and CuCl/CuCl2/tris(2-dimethyl/aminoethyl)amine (Me6TREN) as the catalytic system. The results show that the polymerization can reach higher conversion (86%). Furthermore, the molecular weight increases with increment of the conversion, and the molecular weight polydispersity index (PDI) of the polymers is low (about 1.10). Finally, the living character of the polymerization is confirmed by chain-extension experiments. 

2011, 24 (2): 26-30. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.007

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Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Dodecatungstophosphate as Catalyst

YANG Shuang, GUI Jian-zhou, LIU Dan,PENG Xi-lai,et al

Abstract （653）

PDF （337KB）（454）

Three dodecatungstophosphates were prepared from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, 1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl pyridinium and 12-tungstophosphoric acid. The IR and XRD results of three dodecatungstophosphates demonstrated that all of them contain typical heteropolyanions. Selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde with 30%(mass fraction) H2O2 as oxidant was carried out in the absence of organic solvents, phase-transfer catalysts and additives. Effects of different catalysts were studied and reaction conditions were optimized. It is found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecatungstophosphates ［Bmim］3PW12O40 exhibited better catalytic performance. Under [KG*4]the [KG*4]optimal [KG*4]reaction [KG*4]conditions(benzyl [KG*4]alcohol 10 mmol, hydrogen [KG*4]peroxide 30 mmol, catalyst 0.05 mmol, reaction temperature 85 ℃, reaction time 3 h), the conversion of benzyl alcohol was 79.6% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde could reach 95.6%. The catalysts are also proven to have good recycling capability. 

2011, 24 (2): 31-34. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.008

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Synthesis of Cyclohexanone Glyceryl Ketal Using Carbon-Based Solid Acid as Catalyst

GAO Wen-yi, ZHANG Xiao-li, REN Li-guo

Abstract （605）

PDF （293KB）（583）

Amorphous carbon material prepared from expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid had been examined as a novel strong solid acid catalyst. The catalytic performances were studied on condensation of cyclohexanone with glycerol and characterized by XRD, IR,elementary analysis and TGA.The effects of molar ratio of glycerol with cyclohexanone, catalyst concentration and reaction time were discussed. The results of XRD and acid-base titration indicate the incompletely carbonization of the mixtures of expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid results in amorphous carbon consisting of small polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets with high density of -SO3H groups. When the condensation reaction was carried out with n(glycerol)/n(cyclohexanone)1.2, mass fraction of catalyst 10%, cyclohexane 15 mL（Accounts for 10% of the total amount of liquid reactant ） and refluxe time of 120 min，the maximum yield of ketals is 99.2％. There was very little change in the catalytic activity of the regenerated catalyst，even after eight cycles. 

2011, 24 (2): 35-39. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.009

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Density Functional Theory Study of Perovskite With Electronic Structure

XU Ming,SUN Zhao-lin,CHEN Yong-chang,et al

Abstract （701）

PDF （318KB）（457）

Density functional theory(DFT) calculations were carried out for the stability optimization of K ₂ Ti ₂O ₅ . Band structure and density states with other ground states physical properties of the perovskite system were calculated. The results show that K ₂ Ti ₂O ₅ is indirect insulator oxides and the theoretical band gap width is 2.6 eV. Ti atom is in the center of the oxygen atom, the d orbital splits for the higher energy eg orbit and the lower energy t2g orbit, the orbits are close to the Fermi level becomes occupied or semi-occupied state, which plays an important role for Ti atoms with the catalytic Performance. Analysed each orbit of K ₂ Ti ₂O ₅ with electron transfer order to the synthesis of K ₂ Ti ₂O ₅ provides some theoretical guidance.

2011, 24 (2): 40-42. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.010

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Comprehensive Evaluation of Longkou Shale Oil

HOU Dan-dan, LI Dan-dong,SHI Wei-wei

Abstract （718）

PDF （155KB）（440）

The properties of shale oil from Longkou were evaluated comprehensively. The result show that Longkou shale oil is a medium, low-sulphur, high-nitrogen and intermediate base crude oil according to the method of natural oil classify. TBP distillation of Longkou shale oil shows that the gasoline fraction(<200℃) rate is 1.71%, the diesel oil fraction(200～350 ℃) rate is 44.16％, the wax fraction (350~425 ℃) rate is 20.32%, the residual oil fraction (above 425 ℃) rate is 33.81%.

2011, 24 (2): 43-46. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.011

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Preparation of High Purity Cyclopentadiene by the Depolymerization of Dicyclopentadiene

LU Qi， LI Qi， QIAO Qing-dong

Abstract （938）

PDF （221KB）（564）

The high purity cyclopentadiene(CPD) was prepared by using industrial raw dicyclopentadiene(DCPD). The raw materials and cyclopentadiene obtained by the depolymerization of dicyclopentadiene were analyzed by gas chromatography with SE-30 quartz capillary column. The raw material was purified, then was carried out thermal dimerization at 120 ℃ and depolymerization at 175~180 ℃. The purity of cyclopentadiene obtained by this way is more than 99%. Cyclopentadiene is very easy to polymerize and the purity of it after long time decreases remarkably, so it must be used as soon as.

2011, 24 (2): 47-49. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.012

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Inclusion Complexes of B-Cyclodextrin With Carbofuran

ZHANG Ying, CUI Wei, CHENG Qing-hong, ZHOU Xiao-ting

Abstract （704）

PDF （278KB）（391）

The inclusion compounds of carbofuran with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were prepared by kneading method and aqueous-solution method. The properties of the compound were investigated by FT-IR spectra, UV-vis spectra and Fluorescence spectra. The solubility of carbofuran in aqueous solution increased in the presence of β-cyclodextrin due to complex using UV-spectrophotometric measurements. The results show that 1∶1 inclusion complexes are formed between β-CD and carbofuran. The intrinsic fluorescence of carbofuran can be enhanced by β-CD. The binding constants are obtained according to the Stern-Volmer equation. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG and ΔS are calculated. Their values suggested that enthalpy and entropy are the main driving force for the inclusion reaction.

2011, 24 (2): 50-53. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.013

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Laboratorg Trail Study on NMP Refining of High-Viscosity VGO

LI Xiao-ou,ZHANG De-ning,LI Dong-sheng

Abstract （601）

PDF （254KB）（415）

Single stage refining of high-viscosity lubricating oil using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was carried out. The suitable operating conditions of the NMP refining were determined by orthogonal test and mathematical ways. On this basis, a simulate-three-stage extraction and dewaxing tests of NMP were done. The results show that the operation conditions of NMP anhydrous extraction are [KG*4]as follows: extracting [KG*4]temperature 87 ℃, the [KG*4]volume [KG*4]ratio [KG*4]of [KG*4]solvent to oil is 0.75. Under same conditions, NMP anhydrous single-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 90.1%, the refractive index is 1.464 5 at 60 ℃. NMP anhydrous simulate-three-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 90%, the refractive index is 1.462 2 at 60 ℃. Volume fraction of water 1.5% of extraction suitable operating conditions are as follows: extracting temperature 88.5 ℃, the volume ratio of solvent to oil is 1.38.Under same conditions, NMP single-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 87.7%, the refractive index is 1.463 1;NMP simulate-three-stage extraction are as follows: the yield of refined oil is 87%, the refractive index is 1.461 0 at 60 ℃. From refractive index changes to know that the effect of simulate-three-stage test is better than single-stage extraction test.

2011, 24 (2): 54-57. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.014

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Selective oxidation of Cyclohexane Catalysis in SBA-15

ZHANG Xiao-tong, ZHANG Fan, GAO Xiang, et al

Abstract （588）

PDF （299KB）（476）

Au/SBA-15, Au-Ni/SBA-15, Au-Co/SBA-15 catalyst were prepared by in situ synthesis and deposition synthesis, and the crystal structure and metal dispersion were characterized by XRD, TEM-EDS and other means. In the condition of absence of any organic solvents or additives, air was used as the oxidant to oxidize cyclohexane selectively, and catalytic properties were evaluated in this reaction. It is found that good synergistic effect exists in the two-metal catalysts for selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, which can greatly increase the catalytic activity. The conversion rate of cyclohexane is 22.1%, and the total selectivity of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is 95.1%, when Au-Co/SBA-15 was used as the catalyst in the condition of 3 MPa, 423 K and 2 hours.

2011, 24 (2): 58-61. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.015

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Treatment of Marble Processing Wastewaters by Ceramic Micro-Filtration Membrane

JIN Shan， SUN Jie

Abstract （563）

PDF （257KB）（371）

Treatment of marble processing wastewaters by ceramic micro-filtration membrane with pore size of 0.8 μm was performed. The effects of the transmembrane pressure and crossflow velocity on the MF performance were investigated. The experimental results show that the feasible transmembrane pressure is 0.07 MPa and crossflow velocity 1.0 m/s. The solid rejections of the permeate samples were from 99.2% to 99.8%. The MF process has no remarkable effect on the wastewater pH and COD, the membrane flux remained constant throughout the experiment, the average value is 400 L/(m2·h). The flux was remarkable decline when the solid concentration of feed liquid is over 55 g/L. The membrane flux can be recovered completely after cleaned by the water with 20 minutes and nitric acid solution （volume fraction 1%）with 30 minutes. The MF process allowed the treated water to be recycled into the process, whereas the concentrated stream (rich in particulate matter) turned into sedimentation pool.

2011, 24 (2): 62-65. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.016

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Analysis of Viscosity-Temperature Characteristics and Rheology Behavior for Heavy Oil

ZHU Jing,LI Chuan-xian,XIN Pei-gang

Abstract （805）

PDF （229KB）（735）

Viscosity-temperature characteristics and rheology behavior for heavy oil were measured and researched by using RS75 rotary viscosimeter. The results show that viscosity-temperature characteristics are according with Arrhenius equation in temperature interval (80~20 ℃), viscosity is more sensitive to temperature changes in lower temperature, the activation energy rises 40% in lower temperature interval （36.5~20.3 ℃）more than in higher temperature interval（80.0~55.9 ℃）, and heavy oil is Newtonian fluid above anomalistic point（35 ℃）, non-newtonian fluid and without thixotropic property below anomalistic point.

2011, 24 (2): 66-68. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.017

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Pretreatment of Coking Gas Oil in Dagang Tianjin

ZHAO Bo,LI Dong-sheng,DAI Yue-ling,et al

Abstract （640）

PDF （250KB）（473）

In order to study the content of alkaline nitrogen compounds and the oil yield, using complexion to pretreatment of coking gas oil. There were many affecting factors on alkaline nitrogen compounds remove rate and the light oil yield, such as reaction time, reaction temperature, solvent to oil mass ratio and so on. The best experimental condition is defined by regular-crossed trial. The results show that the oil yield is 94.92% [KG*4]and [KG*4]the [KG*4]separation [KG*4]rate [KG*4]of [KG*4]alkaline [KG*4]nitrogen [KG*4]compounds [KG*4]is 85.42% at condition of reaction temperature 59 ℃, solvent to oil mass ratio 0.021, stirring speed 300 r/min, reaction time 15 minutes and settling time 15 minutes.

2011, 24 (2): 69-72. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.018

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Local Corrosion of SECT-Pipeline

WANG Yu-fu,WANG Hong,MA Xiang-li,et al

Abstract （661）

PDF （302KB）（494）

Skin Electric Corrent Tracing(SECT) was the main pipeline heating equipment and plays a very important role in the process of super heavy oil transportaton. The perforation and rupture which were caused by the localized corrosion of heating tracer and main pileline welded joints can directly influence the super heavy oil transportation. The phenomenon was occurred in Liaohe oil field Teshi pumping station. The results show that the insulation layer is broken, and the water get into it, thus the local corrosion is formed between the heating tracer and the main pipeline.

2011, 24 (2): 73-75. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.019

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Ultimate Cracking Angle and Critical Load for Flat Initiation

GUAN Sheng-xiang， WANG Xiao-hua

Abstract （562）

PDF （197KB）（421）

When a frictionless elastic substrate was subject to indentations by the rectangular flat-ended, rigid indenter punch, a plane indentation was generated in the substrate surface. While the indentation boundary near the surface induced singular stress field. The singular stress field of the singularity was equivalent of the crack tip I-type. So that the surface of the indentation fracture plane generated type crack. By using the principle of energy release rate, the indentation cracking ultimate boundary cracking angle, critical cracking load and other related issues were analysised.

2011, 24 (2): 76-78. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.020

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Estimation of Safety Distance for Flammable Pressurized Gas Pipelines

MENG Yi-fei, ZHAO Dong-feng

Abstract （618）

PDF （336KB）（454）

Jet fire was the most serious accident of pressurized gas pipelines. Weather data of Nanjing and some other cities was taken as an example to study the distribution of wind speed, humidity and air temperature. Distribution functions of all these parameters and relevant coefficients for some cities were brought. Wind direction, leakage area and leakage direction were also analyzed and reasonable distribution functions were supposed. Monte-Carlo method was used to analysis the jet fire hazard of certain pressurized gas pipeline, and the safety distances can be estimated by considering heat radiation damage rules. C#.net was used to develop an analyzing procedure for the jet fire hazard, which was used to estimate the effective distances of a batch of computations pressurized nature gas pipelines with different diameter and internal pressure, and a safety distance confirmation diagram was plotted, the radiation threshold value and the confidence of which were respectively 12.5 kW/m2 and 95％.

2011, 24 (2): 79-82. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.021

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Research on the Performance Influence of the Flow Metering in the Natural Gas Pipeline With the RemitPipe

ZHANG Yong-xue， SHI Zhi-cheng， LIU Chang 

Abstract （611）

PDF （317KB）（429）

The flow measurement of the natural gas directly influences the economic benefit, which includes development, operation, allotment and the utilization in the industry of the natural gas. Moreover the structure of the pipeline is the main factor for the accuracy of the flow metering. The research on the internal flow field of various kinds of pipe structure with the remit pipe, which were the different inflows and whether equipped with the panel rectifier separately was done with the method of the numerical simulation and the experiment. The results show that the desire length to recover the full development turbulence section in the downstream of the remit pipe is most in the pipe structure with the stagger inlet-outlet and no rectifier. While that in the pipe structure with the opposite inlet-outlet and with a rectifier reaches the least. It can be got that the most appropriate installation site of the flow meter and the design of the pipe structure of the natural gas from the research on the influence pattern of the gas flow field.

2011, 24 (2): 83-86. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.022

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Three-Phase Oil-Air-Water Flow in Horizontal Pipes

GONG Jing, LIU De-sheng

Abstract （627）

PDF （439KB）（531）

The technology of oil-air-water mixed transportation had been applied in offshore pipelines, so it was very necessary to study the characteristic of three-phase flow. A series of oil-air-water three-phase flow experiments were carried out in a inner diameter of 25.7 mm, horizontal, stainless steel pipe, the focus was to study three-phase flow patterns and oil-water phase inversion. Air, tap water and white mineral oil (20 mPa·s viscosity, 855 kg/m3 density at 20 °C) were used as test fluids. High speed photography was applied to determine flow patterns. Three-phase flow pattern maps on difference of the water volume fracture in the oil-water mixture (water-cut) were plotted, the effects of water-cut on three-phase flow patterns were investigated. The flow pattern maps developed were compared with a theoretical model, and it show that the model provides very close flow pattern predictions from experimental data at low water-cut.

2011, 24 (2): 87-91. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.023

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Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation on Temperature Field of Crude Oil Pipeline and Products Pipeline Laid in One Ditch

TIAN Na,CHEN Bao-dong,HE Li-min,et al

Abstract （653）

PDF （389KB）（551）

For hot crude oil pipeline, shut down, start-up and operation are based on the soil temperature around the crude pipeline. Only the distribution of the soil temperature was obtained accurately can make sure the pipeline operate safely and avoid condensing the pipeline. In pipelines laid in one ditch, hot crude oil pipeline temperature field was influenced by the cool products pipeline, so the temperature field of pipelines laid in one ditch was different from the single pipeline. On the crude oil pipeline and the products pipeline in China，the three-dimensional temperature field of pipelines laid in one ditch was carried out with the unstructured mesh and standard k-ε model. Comparing the temperature field of pipelines laid in one ditch with the one of single pipeline, the effect of products pipeline on temperature field of crude pipeline was analyzed.

2011, 24 (2): 92-96. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.02.024

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DSC Study of the Characterization for Water-in-Oil Emulsion

ZHU Ling, CHEN Jia-qing, CHANG Jun-ying, PAN Ying

Abstract （644）

PDF （276KB）（611）

Due to the difference of crystallization temperature and enthalpy for free water and interfacial water during the course of cooling, a series of water-in-oil emulsions were studied experimentally by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The free water and interfacial water and to measure the time-dependent changes were characterized. From the result can only find one exothermic peak corresponding to the interfacial water at about -40 ℃ when the solubilized water mass fraction 15%. By increasing the amount of the solubilized water to 15%, a new significant exothermic peak is present (at -18 ℃) which is attributed to free water. Both the crystallization temperature of free water and interfacial water are affected by the concentration of solubilized water weekly. The stabilization of the 30%W/O emulsion is decreased with the increase of time placed, and the concentration of interfacial water is also reduced. The peak for the crystallization of interfacial water can not found in the DSC thermogram for the sample prepared over 8 days, and the area of the exothermic peak for the free water crystallization is increased apparently. The change for DSC thermogram indicates that the stabilization of 30%W/O emulsion is destroyed absolutely. 

2011, 24 (3): 1-4. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.03.001

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Preparation and Characterization of Binary Structure Zeolite Y/SAPO-5

QIN Yu-cai, DUAN Lin-hai, PAN Ming-xue,et al

Abstract （654）

PDF （278KB）（499）

Binary structure zeolites Y/SAPO-5 were synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method, with phosphoric acid, pseudoboehmite, and silica sol being used as phosphorus, aluminum, and silicon sources, respectively, and triethylamine as template. The samples obtained were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR and SEM. The results indicate that the synthesized zeolite samples is the binary structural microspheres with NaY zeolites as core and SAPO-5 as shell about 10 μm. The catalytic performance was investigated by the synthesis of dimethyl ether from methanol. The experiments of the catalysis of dimethyl ether show that Y/SAPO-5 exhibited excellent selectivity of DME, with the increase of conversion of methanol over the temperature range 463～523 K.

2011, 24 (3): 5-7. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.03.002

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Characterizat ion of Residue (C5 -C7)Asphal tene (Soluble in#br# n -Heptane but Inso luble in n -Pentane)

FAN Meng， SUN Xue-wen， XU Zhi-ming， ZHAO Suo-qi

Abstract （853）

PDF （339KB）（689）

(C5-C7) asphaltene (soluble in n-heptane but insoluble in n-pentane) of Canada oilsand bitumen vacuum residue (VTB) was charactered and compared with n-pentane asphaltene and n-heptane asphaltene with the help of GPC, XRD, 1H-NMR, SEM measurements and HyperChem simulation. (C5-C7) asphaltene has a small yield of 9.80% and composes mainly small moleculars, whose average structure unit possesses the lowest aromaticity and aromatic ring number but maximum naphthenic ring number (2.60). The length of (C5-C7) asphaltene alkane chains connected with aromatic rings is 0.5 more carbons than the other two asphaltenes. There is no aromatic sheet stacking structures existing in (C5-C7) asphaltene, which is different from n-pentane and n-heptane asphaltenes. (C5-C7) asphaltene has the biggest stable energy (266.73 kJ/mol), leading to a worst stability, whose particles have a large dimension and smooth surface.

2011, 24 (3): 8-12. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.03.003

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Sy nthetic Method for 2 -Subs ti tuted -2 , 3 -Dihydro -#br# 4(1H)-Quinazolinones Derivatives

WANG Min,GAO Jing-jing,XIANG Gang-wei,WANG Lei

Abstract （573）

PDF （232KB）（511）

A series of 2-substituted-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones derivatives were synthesized efficiently by the cyclocondensation of 2-anthranilamide with an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of aluminum chloride in water at 60 ℃ after grinding at room temperature. The catalytic activity of different catalysts was compared. The effects of the amount of catalyst and the amount of solvent on the yields were investigated. The results show that the best reaction results could be obtained when the molar ratio of 2-anthranilamide to an aldehyde or ketone is 1∶1, the amount of catalyst is 1% (based on the mole of reactant), and water is 2 mL. The structures of products were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrum and elemental analysis. The probable catalytic mechanism for the reaction was proposed.

2011, 24 (3): 13-16. DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1006-396X.2011.03.004

Journal of Petrochemical Universities 2011 Vol.24