In the process of offshore chemical drive, water drive well network and polydrive well network coexist after well network densification, which exerts a deep influence on oil development. To quantitatively characterize the perturbation degree of injected water and polymer, a water-polymer perturbation coefficient considering the dynamic changes of displacement volume of injected water and polymer is proposed. The production characteristics and laws under different displacement modes are analyzed based on the water-polymer perturbation coefficient, and the control strategies are discussed.The results show that the injected water would compress the polymer displacement area and exert an interference on the polymer front edge. Water-polymer perturbation coefficient has a good correlation with stage net oil increase curve, and water-polymer co-flooding process can be divided into five stages according to the water-polymer perturbation coefficient. In addition, water-polymer co-flooding has a better oil production than pure polymer flooding at the initial stage, but for a long period, development effect of pure polymer flooding is much better, and water-polymer alternating injection can balance the displacement front and improve the development effect. The result has a great significance to quantitatively characterize water-polymer perturbation degree and make adjustment measurements.

As the global energy system accelerates its transition toward renewable energy,electrochemical energy storage devices play an increasingly vital role in ensuring power supply stability and promoting efficient energy utilization.However,low-temperature environments pose a significant challenge to the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices.Especially for widely used lithium-ion batteries,the problems such as significant decrease of charge and discharge capacity,increase of internal resistance and shortening of cycle life are particularly prominent,which seriously limits the commercialization development of lithium-ion batteries in cold regions and other scenarios.To address this challenge,this paper provides a systematic review of current research progress on the performance of electrochemical energy storage devices in low-temperature environments.First of all,focusing on the core research topic of modification and optimization of battery cathode materials and electrolyte systems.This study systematically elucidates the mechanism contributing to battery performance under low-temperature conditions,including changes in material resistivity,reduced reactivity of active materials,and increased viscosity of electrolyte materials.Then,the modification strategies of electrolyte to improve the performance of batteries under low temperature are reviewed and analyzed.In addition,other effective ways to optimize the low-temperature performance of energy storage devices and their mechanisms for improving the electrochemical performance are also expounded.

The carboxyl nitrile hard glue wastewater contains raw materials, by-products and some auxiliary materials that are not fully involved in the reaction, and has the characteristics of high chemical oxygen demand (COD), high mass concentration of Pull apart powder（BX）, high viscosity and toxicity, resulting in the poor operation of the water treatment process. The pretreatment process with "air flotation, membrane separation and ozone oxidation" as the core was adopted to remove COD and decoking powder from carboxyl nitrile hard adhesive wastewater, so as to improve the biodegradability of wastewater. This pretreatment process had problems such as rubber caking and blocking, filter device blocking and so on, and the overall operation effect was poor. The pretreatment process was improved by increasing the influent flow rate to 105 m³/h, increasing the chemical backwash time and backwash frequency, adjusting the ozone quality concentration to 35 mg/L, and decreasing the height of the packing layer of the ozone catalyst layer to 650 mm. The results show that when the effluent COD is stable at about 1 100 mg/L, the mass concentration of BX is maintained at about 40 mg/L, and BOD/COD (BOD is the ratio of biological oxygen demand) is about 0.30, the influent conditions of the subsequent process can be met, and the stable operation of the system can be ensured.

NiMo/γ?Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by using γ?Al₂O₃ as the carrier and Ni as the active component,and Mo was introduced to improve the metal dispersion of Ni?based catalysts.The physical properties of the catalysts were characterized by means of BET,XRD,H₂?TPD,H₂?TPR,and transmission electron microscopy.The performance of the catalysts was evaluated by hydrogenation units,and the effect of metal dispersion of the catalysts on the catalytic activity was investigated.The results show that the introduction of Mo can effectively weaken the interaction between Ni and the carrier.The low?temperature reduction peak of the H₂?TPR profile significantly moves forward,and the peak intensity is enhanced.The specific surface area of the catalyst activity increases from 0.7 m²/g to 15.3~16.1 m²/g,and the metal dispersion increases from 0.80% to 18.59%,which indicates that the number of metal active centers on catalyst surfaces increases,and the metal dispersion on the catalyst surfaces improves. Under the same process condition,heavy petrol with catalytic cracking is processed,and the desulfurization rate of NiMo?based catalysts is increased by 15.7% compared with that of Ni?based catalysts.The saturation rate of olefin is increased by 4.9%,and the desulfurization selectivity is decreased by 3.4%.Therefore,the NiMo?based catalysts have positive desulfurization selectivity while ensuring a high desulfurization rate.

In recent years, the development of photocatalytic desulfurization catalyst has been a hot topic in the field of clean fuel production. The preparation method, structure, properties and catalytic desulfurization performance of pure phase, doped, supported and heterojunction photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization catalysts were studied. Due to the narrow light response range of pure phase catalysts, doped, loaded and heterogeneous junction catalysts have the expanded light wave region by reducing the bandgap width of catalysts. It is pointed out that the supported catalyst can not only expand the range of light wave range, but also increase the specific surface area of the catalyst and then further improve the activity of it. However, the study of low cost carriers and the regeneration performance of photocatalytic oxidation desulfurization catalysts are important research directions in the future.

The carrier of hierarchical porous TiO ₂⁃Al ₂O ₃ and the catalyst Ni ₂P/TiO ₂⁃Al ₂O ₃ were prepared. The catalytic performance of the Ni ₂P/TiO ₂⁃Al ₂O ₃ was compared with the N _i2P loaded on the mesoporous Al ₂O ₃  and γ⁃Al ₂O ₃. The influence of the technological conditions, including reaction temperature, hydrogen oil ratio, mass space velocity and reaction pressure, were investigated by Orthogonal test and single factor exploration, respectively. The optimized technological conditions were obtained. The results showed that the hydrogenation catalyst Ni ₂P/TiO ₂⁃Al ₂O ₃ possessed more excellent de⁃aromatic rate and the selectivity of decahydronaphthalene compared with the ordinary catalyst of Ni ₂P/γ⁃Al ₂O ₃ and Ni ₂P/Al ₂O ₃. For the de⁃aromatic rate and the selectivity of decahydronaphthalene, the reaction pressure and temperature had more significantly affection to the hydrogen / oil ratio and the mass space velocity. According to the results of orthogonal test, the optimum reaction conditions of the hierarchical porous Ni ₂P/TiO ₂⁃Al ₂O ₃ catalyst in the hydrodeaphthalene reaction were investigated. The reaction temperature was 300 ℃, the reaction pressure was 4 MPa, the hydrogen / oil ratio was 500, and the mass space velocity was 1 h-1. The removal rate of naphthalene and the selectivity of decahydronaphthalene reached the highest, which were 99.2% and 72.0%, respectively.

Nanosized lithium orthosilicate sorbent has been prepared by precipitation, and its CO ₂ capture performance has been evaluated. The particle size of the adsorbent is small and uniform, which leads to a significant reduction of the calcination temperature and desorption temperature, thus greatly reducing the process energy consumption. Under optimum calcination temperature, relative higher kinetic absorption capacity, i.e., 17.8% within 5 minutes under volume fraction 12.5% CO ₂ model flue gas stream by absorption⁃desorption cyclic test, has been obtained. Static CO ₂ absorption test at different temperatures were well fitted by the double exponential model, demonstrating the double shell mechanism. The rate⁃determining step, Li diffusion rate from the bulk to the surface, was greatly improved even in low⁃CO ₂⁃concentration model flue gas owing to its nano⁃scale character. Therefore, this study has provided a simple and efficient preparation method for nanosized ceramic sorbents, which is promising for thermo⁃swing fluidized bed process.

The Y-type zeolites (REY ) with different contents of rare earth ions were prepared by the traditional liquid-phase ion exchange method. The mass transfer kinetics of benzene on the REY zeolite was studied by using frequency response (FR) technique and intelligent gravimetric analyzer (IGA). The effects of the concentration of rare earth ions on the adsorption and diffusion process were studied, and the samples were characterized by XRD, physical analyzer and other characterization methods. The results show that the adsorption capacity decreases with the introduction of rare earth, and the introduction of appropriate rare earth can improve its mass transfer performance, but excessive mass of rare earth decreases the mass transfer performance. The adsorption process of benzene on REY zeolite has different adsorption process. The introduction of rare earth can improve the selectivity of zeolite to adsorbate in the process of catalytic and adsorption separation, so as to improve the efficiency of catalysis and separation.

Heteropoly acid type ionic liquid BMAI［HPW12O40］ was synthesized as catalyst for simulate diesel oxidative desulfurization which was characterized by 1HNMR,13CNMR,IR and TG. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: reaction temperature of 40 ℃, 15 mL oil sample, 1.75 mL hydrogen peroxide and 0.028 g heteropoly acid type ionic liquid. Under this conditions, good desulfurization ratio (95.5%) can be achieved. After the reaction, diesel oil and catalyst can be separated by simple decantation, and the activity of catalysts would not change obviously after recycling for 5 times. Furthermore, the oxidation kinetics of 4,6dimethyldibenzothiophen was investigated. The oxidation of 4,6DMDBT can be treated as a firstorder reaction, with the apparent activation energy Ea 31.55 kJ/mol and the preexponential factor K0 2.36×104 min-1.

The Lithiumbased sorbents for high temperature CO ₂ capture were prepared through solidstate reaction method and precipitation method, which were characterized by Xray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy(SEM). The CO ₂ absorption performance was evaluated by the chemical BET absorption(CHEMBET) method and the impact factors (including synthetic method, calcination temperature, molar ratio of Li to Si and different silica sources) were studied. The results indicated that the particle size of the adsorbents synthesized by the precipitation method distributed more homogeneous than that of the adsorbents synthesized by the solidstate reaction method at 750 ℃. Meanwhile, BET surface area of former was larger than that of latter. After six times CO ₂ (carbon dioxide to helium in a volume ratio of 1∶5) recycles, adsorption capacity of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO ₂II reduced to 9.92% from 13.38%, and desorption amount decreased from 11.74% to 8.52%. However, the amounts of adsorption and desorption of precipitationmethod adsorbents using SiO ₂I were reduced by 2.61% and 2.39%, those of solidstatemethod adsorbents reduced by 1.85% and 1.42%. 

The coking performance for the catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil with temperature，weight ratios of catalyst －to－oil and steam－to－oil and residence time，was investigated in a confined fluidized bed reactor on catalyst CEP－1，with a special catalyst of catalytic pyrolysis process （CPP） technology．The coke content on catalyst decreases with the increase of the weight ratios of catalyst － to－oil and steam－to－oil and n（H）／n（C） of the feed，and it increases with the enhancement of reaction temperature and aromaticity of the feed．Coke yield increases with increasing reaction temperature，catalyst－to－oil weight ratio and aromaticity，while decreases with increasing steam－to－oil weight ratio and n（H）／n（C） of the feed．Both coke content and coke yield show minimum as residence time of oil gas prolongs．Both n（H）／n（C） and aromaticity of the feed can well reveal the coking tendency of a feed．On the basis of the experimental research，a correlation model of coke content and coke yield with feed property and reaction conditions was established．The parameters in the model were calculated by least square regression.

Critical micelle concentration (cmc) of molecular deposition filming flooding agent (MDFFA) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed systems were determined by conductivity method, and the effect of MDFFA on the precipitating behavior of anionic surfactant and multivalent cation was studied by means of light transmission measurement. The results show that MDFFA can decrease the cmc of SDS, the cmc decreases with the increasing of the concentration of MDFFA. With the increasing of temperature from 25 ℃ to 50 ℃, the cmc of  2 mmol/L MDFFA/SDS mixed system decreased. The cmcof 2 mmol/L MDFFA/SDS decreased with the increasing of concentration of NaCl. The precipitating behavior did not happen when MDFFA and SDS were mixed. MDFFA can restrain the precipitating behavior of anionic surfactant and Ca ²⁺. The capability of MDFFA restrain the precipitating behavior is better than NaCl, NaOH and NaHCO ₃.

The modified lignin-based oil removal flocculant containing the dithiocarbamate group, denoted as MLOF, was prepared by chemical modification of alkali lignin, a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry. Then MLOF was adopted to treat the oily wastewater. And the flocculation conditions were optimized. The results show the removal percentages of oil, COD Cr, suspended solid (SS) and colourity of the effluent can reach to 88.2%, 71.5%, 90.5% and 93.7％ respectively under such conditions as 6.7 of the effluent pH value and 35 mg/L of the flocculant dosage etc. Moreover, the comparison tests with various flocculants indicated that the amount of MLOF was little when treated oily wastewater and the flocculation performance of the modified lignin-based oil removal flocculant apparently prevailed over such high-molecular flocculants as polyacrylamide (PAM), polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) etc. 