Abstract:

The hydrocracking unit is a Class A fire hazard device, which can be susceptible to fire and explosion accidents due to equipment failure. Therefore, it is essential to identify and quantitatively analyze the risk factors. In this paper, qualitative HAZOP, steady-state simulation, dynamic simulation and FTA are combined. Taking process flow of the absorbing-stabilizing system of an actual hydrocracking unit in a refining company as an example, and the quantitative risk analysis is carried out for the deviation of "high column pressure" of the absorption and desorption column and "high column temperature" of the naphtha stabilisation column. With the help of Aspen Plus software, the steady-state and dynamic simulation under dangerous conditions is carried out, and the probability of the consequences of the dangerous accident is calculated by FTA method. The results show that this method can help experts understand the propagation process of the accident, master the safety response time of the personnel, which is conducive to the prevention and timely treatment of accidents, and effectively improve the intrinsic safety level of the hydrocracking units.

Key words: HAZOP, Hydrocracking unit, Process simulation, FTA, Safety

摘要：

加氢裂化装置属于甲类火灾危险装置，极易因设备故障引起严重的火灾、爆炸事故，因此应对其进行准确的风险因素辨识和量化分析。将传统的HAZOP（危险与可操作性分析）定性风险分析方法、稳态模拟、动态模拟和故障树（FTA）相结合，以某炼化企业实际加氢裂化装置吸收稳定系统为例，针对该系统内吸收脱吸塔“塔压高”和石脑油稳定塔“塔温高”这两个偏差进行了量化风险分析；借助Aspen Plus过程模拟软件，在危险工况下对其进行稳态和动态仿真模拟，采用FTA方法计算了该危险事故后果的发生概率。结果表明，此方法可以帮助专家了解事故的传播过程，掌握人员安全响应时间，有利于事故的预防和及时处理，有效提高加氢裂化装置的本质安全水平。

关键词: 危险与可操作性分析, 加氢裂化, 过程模拟, 故障树分析, 安全