Due to the high storage capacity and multiple electron?transfer chemistry of sulfur (S), Li?S battery with virtues of high theoretical capacity/energy density, eco?friendliness and abundant supply has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for next?generation battery systems. The capacity of Li?S battery is much higher than that of traditional metal oxide cathode?based lithium?ion battery, which is regarded as the highest capacity of solid?state cathode?materials at current stage. As a vital component of Li?S battery, separator plays a profound role in resolving crucial issues (e.g., shuttling effect, volume expansion, poor conductivity and metal dendrites, etc.) of Li?S battery. So far, some pioneering works have been reported in the exploration of separators for Li?S battery. On this basis, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), possessing the advantages of low density, high porosity, well?defined structure, designable structure and functions, is a kind of potential materials for the functional modification of Li?S battery separators. This review will summarize the reported works about COFs in Li?S battery separators including their structural characteristics, preparation?methods, application forms and battery properties. It will also provide a brief perspective for the applications of COFs in Li?S battery separators and hope that it might give new insights for scientists in related fields.

In recent years, the rapid expansion of industries such as new energy has significantly heightened the demand for lithium resources. China boasts ample lithium reserves; however, 80% of these reserves are concentrated in salt lake brine, and the high magnesium?to?lithium ratio inherent in salt lakes poses challenges for lithium extraction. To ensure a stable supply of lithium resources in our country, it is imperative to develop cost?effective and highly efficient technologies for lithium extraction from salt lakes. Recent studies have demonstrated that the combination of emerging membrane separation technology with traditional processes holds great potential for achieving significant advancements in lithium extraction from salt lakes. This review aims to present the latest membrane technologies for extracting lithium from salt lake brine. It comprehensively discusses cutting?edge research findings from various perspectives, including the pore structure of membrane, precise design of the chemical environment within the pores, development of innovative membrane fabrication processes, and the integration of multiple membrane processes. By doing so, the review offers valuable insights and guidance for the design of new membrane materials. Furthermore, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current bottlenecks faced by membrane separation technology in the process of lithium extraction from salt lakes. It also explores the potential prospects of biomimetic membrane materials.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are molecular metal oxides composed of transition metals in their highes oxidation states (Mo,W,V,Nb,Ta). The high solubility and low specific surface area of pure inorganic POMs limi its practical applications in polar solvents. Due to the widespread applications of organic?inorganic hybrid POMs and immobilized POMs in the field of catalysis, energy conversion, storage and magnetism have attracted considerable attention.The design and synthesis of transition metal/Lanthanide modified organic?inorganic polyoxometalates and immobilized polyoxometalates composites are reviewed,and the practical applications of POMs with novel structures are summarized and outlooked.

Using Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O, H₃PO₄, Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, 3?aminomethylpyridine as raw materials, a complex 1 based on the hourglass phosphomolybdate modified with Fe^Ⅱ was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method. The molecular formula is (C₆H₁₀N₂)₆{Fe[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(PO₄)₂(H₂PO₄)₂]₂}·3.5H₂O. The single crystal X?ray diffraction infrared spectroscopy(FT?IR) powder X?ray diffraction(PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) were used to prove its structure and composition which was analyzed at the same time The results show that complex 1 has a three?dimensional supramolecular framework, which connected {Fe[P₄Mo {}_{\mathrm{6}}^{\mathrm{V}} O₃₁]₂} {}^{\mathrm{22}-} (denoted as {Fe(P₄Mo₆)₂}) and protonated 3?aminomethylpyridine by five hydrogen bond interactions of N(6)—H(6B) ···O(15) ，N(6)—

H(6A)···O(8)， N(2)—H(2C)···O(23)， N(2)—H(2B) ···O(19) and N(1)—H(1A) ···O(30). Besides, the electrochemical detection of furaltadone hydrochloride was further studied by using complex modified carbon paste electrode(1?CPE). The experimental results show that 1?CPE has good stability and high selectivity for furaltadone hydrochloride.

A double polyoxometalates?based composite catalyst material was prepared by Mechanochemistry. In order to compare with the double polyoxometalates?based composite catalyst material, one polyoxometalates?based were prepared by the same method. The structures of these catalysts were characterized by X?ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and liquid ultraviolet spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as a model reaction to evaluate its photocatalytic activity and the possible mechanism were further explored in the degradation process. The results indicate that the degradation efficiency of H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀&H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀@MOF?199 is 92% while irradiating in simulated sunlight for 60 minutes, which is superior to that of the corresponding single POMs catalysts H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ or H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀@MOF?199 and has a good cycling activity. The synergistic effect of the good photocatalytic activity of polyoxotungstates and the good oxidation?reduction ability of polyoxomolybdates, which provides a new vision for designing diverse POMs@MOFs composite catalysts with different catalytic properties.

Using N,N'?Dimethylpiperazine as structure directing agent, a 3D open?framework neodymium oxalate [Nd(H₂O)(C₂O₄)₂](C₆N₂H₁₆)_0.5?2H₂O (compound 1) was synthesized under hydrothermal condition. The single crystal X?ray diffraction reveals that the structure is composed of alternating single?capped tetragonal antiprism NdO₉ and oxalic acid units connected to each other. The structure contains three?dimensional 12?membered ring channels, in which water molecules and protonated Me₂ppz cations are located in the channels along the b and a axes, respectively. The presence of guest water molecules provides the structural basis for proton conductivity. The results of hydrothermal and acid?base stability tests show that the structure of compound 1 had excellent stability. AC impedance tests show that compound 1 has a high proton conductivity, which is 2.81×10^-4 S/cm at 348 K and 98% RH.

The adsorption competitive adsorption and conversion behaviors of thiophene and 1?hexene on Hβ molecular sieve have been studied by using the method of in?situ infrared spectroscopyThe roles of different acidic sites in the alkylation reaction of thiophene and olefin molecule were systematically discussed. The results show that 1?hexene is preferentially adsorbed on the B acid sites, and it s easy to dimerize through protonation activation. Thus,there is a significant competitive relationship between the adsorption of thiophene molecules and the protonation reaction process. Moreover, it can be confirmed that the adsorbed thiophene molecule on non?framework aluminum on zeolite are more likely to its alkylation with a protonation 1?hexene molecule near the center of the B acidThis results can provide basic theoretical guidance for the development of zeolite catalysts for alkylation desulfurization processes.