The effects of a single emulsifier octylphenol ethoxylate 10 (OP?10) and its compounding system on emulsion stability, rheology and the effect of organic bases on the interfacial tension were investigated. The results show that the optimal binary composition is as follows: The mass fraction of OP?10 is 1% and the mass fraction of sodium oleate (YSN) is 0.6%.The optimum compounding method can produce stable emulsion with thick oil, and the viscosity can be reduced from 1 168.22 mPa?s to 57.57 mPa?s, with the viscosity reduction rate of 91.03% and the water separation rate of 21.33%. The organobase triethanolamine (TEOA) can reduce the interfacial tension of the compounded system to the 10^-2 mN/m level.

Coumarins are a key class of heterocyclic lactone compounds, which have good biological activity. 3?sulfonyl coumarin derivatives were prepared by visible light promoted reaction of benzoalkynyl esters with sodium benzenesulfonate, and their reaction mechanism was studied. The results showed that under mild reaction conditions, 3?sulfonyl coumarin derivatives can be synthesized with moderate to good yields using sodium benzenesulfite as the precursor of sulfonyl radicals and persulfate as the oxidant through a cascade radical addition cyclization strategy, providing a concise, green, and efficient synthetic route for the preparation of functionalized coumarin derivatives.

Two adsorbents, magnesium aluminum calcined hydrotalcite (MgAl LDO) and magnesium aluminum iron calcined hydrotalcite (MgAlFe LDO), were synthesized by coprecipitation method, and characterized by X?ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT?IR) analysis and BET specific surface area test analysis, etc. The adsorption performance of the two adsorbents for fluoride in wastewater was also studied. The effects of the ratio of metal substances, calcination temperature, initial mass concentration of F^-, and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency of fluoride in wastewater were investigated. The results showed that MgAlFe LDO had a uniform pore structure distribution, a large specific surface area, and a higher adsorption capacity for fluoride in wastewater than that of MgAl LDO. When n (Mg²⁺)/n (Al³⁺)/n (Fe³⁺)=3.0∶0.6∶0.4, the initial mass concentration of F^- was 20 mg/L, the calcination temperature was 300 ℃, and the dosage of MgAlFe LDO was 0.4 g, the removal effect of fluoride in wastewater was optimal. After 2 hours of reaction, the removal rate of fluoride in the wastewater was 98.35%.

ZSM?5 has been widely used in the field of petrochemical industry. The extensive use of organic templates in its conventional synthesis process has caused serious problems on environmental and cost. In this paper, the hydrothermal synthesis of ZSM?5 with tetraethyl orthosilicate, aluminum sulfate octadecahydrate and alkaline hydrolysis product of HZSM?5 as silica source, alumina source and structural directing agent, respectively, has been investigated, which aims at developing of new process for green synthesis of zeolites. The synthesized samples were characterized by a series of techniques, such as XRD, TEM, SEM, N₂ physical adsorption and TG analysis. It has been shown that successful synthesis of ZSM?5 can be achieved by induction of alkaline hydrolysis product of HZSM?5 in organic template?free system. The prepared sample possesses a relative low crystallinity and specific surface area than ones from conventional process. The study in this paper has provided the chance for combination of green synthesis of zeolites and post?treatment route for synthesis of hierarchical zeolites.

The influence of curing temperature on catalytic desulfurization, nitrogen and acid removal of NiW/Al₂O₃ hydrotreating catalyst during the curing tprocess was studied. The catalyst with incomplete curing was re?cured and its hydrogenation performance was studied. The structure of the vulcanized catalyst was characterized by physical adsorption (BET), X?ray diffraction (XRD) and X?ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the sulfur content and degree of vulcanization on the catalyst increased with the increase of vulcanization temperature, and the carbon accumulation also increased, which led to the decrease of the specific surface area, pore volume and average pore size of the catalyst. After vulcanization, the active phase of the catalyst changed from low active W⁶⁺ and Ni²⁺ to high active W⁴⁺ and Ni-W-S phases. After revulcanization, the pore volume and average pore size of the catalyst decreased, while the specific surface area, sulfur and carbon contents increased. The increase in carbon deposition covered part of the active center and reduced the atomic ratio of W and Al on the catalyst surface, resulting in the aggregation of active metals in the vulcanized state and reduced the activity of the catalyst, indicating that the revulcanized catalyst was difficult to achieve complete vulcanized catalyst activity.

In the process of oil exploitation, processing, storage and transportation, the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) released into the soil not only changes the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also seriously affects the quality of the water environment through the process of migration and transformation. Addressing the environmental issue of petroleum?contaminated soils, the development of efficient, green, and environmentally friendly remediation technologies has become a critical need in the industry. This paper reviews the main remediation technologies for petroleum?contaminated soils based on current domestic and international research. The study showed that physical methods are suitable for remediating soils contaminated with highly volatile and highly permeable petroleum, chemical methods are appropriate for treating severely and recalcitrantly contaminated soils, and biological methods are more environmentally friendly and better suited for treating mildly contaminated soils. By comparing the principles and application ranges of different remediation technologies, it is evident that combined remediation technologies offer strong versatility and widespread applicability. This paper also explores future trends in the development of green and environmentally friendly remediation technologies for petroleum?contaminated soils, aiming to provide a reference for practical applications in soil remediation.

The pollution of tetracycline antibiotics in the water environment is increasingly serious, and the effective removal of residual antibiotics in water is an urgent problem to be solved. The co?precipitation method was used to prepare Cu?Al layered double hydroxides biochar composites (CuAl?LDH@BC) intending to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from water. The physicochemical properties of the CuAl?LDH@BC surface were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR, and the adsorption performance of the tetracycline hydrochloride solution was revealed. The experimental results show that the adsorption process is more consistent with the quasi?second?order kinetic model and Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCH is 78.68 mg/g at 298 K, and the neutral condition CuAl?LDH@BC has the best removal effect on TCH, which has strong anti?interference ability in water environment. The mechanisms involved in the adsorption of TCH by CuAl?LDH@BC may include hydrogen bonding, surface complexation, π-π interaction, and electrostatic interaction. The results show that Cu?Al layered double hydroxides and biochar composites, as low?cost and high?efficiency adsorbents, have a broad application prospect in the adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics in water.

Aromatic?based green rubber filler oil is prepared from furfural extraction oil of a petrochemical company by using compound solvents for secondary extraction to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the oil. Three composite solvents are used for comparison, and the effects of operating conditions, such as extraction temperature and agent?oil mass ratio, on the yield and PCA mass fraction of the refined oil are investigated. A detailed compositional analysis is conducted using the alumina adsorption column method and infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results demonstrate that the optimal operating conditions are primary solvent extraction at 70 ℃ and an agent?oil mass ratio of 5∶1, and secondary solvent extraction at 50 ℃ and an agent?oil mass ratio of 2∶1. The yield of refined oil is 32.34%, the mass fraction of PCA is 2.98%, and the aromatic carbon ratio is 18.65%. These results meet the requirements outlined in EU Directive 2005/69/EC. The results demonstrate that the composite solvent significantly enhances the selectivity and solubility of the solvent, effectively removes PAHs from the oil, and ensures a high product yield and aromatic carbon ratio.

In order to solve the problems of poor blood compatibility and low adsorption capacity of chitosan (CS) when using graphene oxide (GO) alone, a graphene oxide/chitosan blend membrane (GO/CS membrane) was prepared. Microscopic morphology and composition analysis were conducted using SEM and FTIR, and bilirubin adsorption experiments were carried out on GO/CS membranes. The results showed that when the mass fraction of GO in the casting solution was 3%, the adsorption capacity of GO/CS membrane for bilirubin was optimal. The absorption intensity of C=O belonging to the amide group increases near 1 650 cm^-1, while the stretching vibration peak of -NH₂ at 3 353 cm^-1 and the bending vibration peak of N-H at 1 570 cm^-1 weaken simultaneously. Additionally, there is no stretching vibration peak of carboxyl group C=O near 718 cm^-1, indicating that an amide reaction has occurred between GO and CS molecules, and the GO/CS membrane has been successfully prepared. Under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 37 ℃ and an adsorption time of 120 min, the GO/CS membrane exhibits the best bilirubin adsorption effect, with a saturated adsorption capacity of 77.8 mg/g. Increasing the mass concentration of bilirubin and lowering the pH under alkaline conditions are both beneficial for adsorption. Increasing the ionic strength of the solution or the mass concentration of bovine serum albumin is not conducive to the adsorption of bilirubin.

Based on the background of 'dual carbon' , the chemical chain hydrogen production process is a novel alternative to traditional hydrogen production schemes, with economic and efficient characteristics. Choosing appropriate oxygen carriers is crucial for the stability of the process, as they require high reactivity, selectivity, material strength, and sintering resistance. This article provides an overview of commonly used chemical chain processes, including dual reactors and triple reactors, and compares the performance of several different metal oxygen carriers in depth. At the same time, summarizing the reaction mechanisms of different oxygen carriers is helpful for selecting appropriate oxygen carriers in the process. Due to the phenomenon of coking and agglomeration of oxygen carriers during the reaction process, numerous researchers have paid significant attention to its avoidance at the micro level. Finally, the prospects of the oxygen carrier used as a renewable, sustainable and environmentally friendly material are prospected.

Biochar with developed pore structure was prepared by using high?humidity Chinese herbal medicine wastes (CHMWs) as raw material, using the water vapor generated by its own water under a high temperature environment for physical activation，and the effects of moisture content, activation temperature and activation time on the performance of biochar were investigated. The performance of biochar was analyzed by physical adsorption instrument, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and other instruments, and the optimal reaction conditions for biochar preparation were obtained, and the activation mechanism of biochar prepared from CHMWs was discussed. The prepared biochar was used to adsorb wastewater containing Cd²⁺ and Cu²⁺, and the adsorption kinetics were discussed. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of 700 ℃ heating temperature, 60 min heating time and 50% moisture content of the CHMWs, the biochar with a specific surface area of 309.29 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.116 8 cm³/g and was obtained. The experimental results of adsorption showed that the adsorption kinetics on Cu²⁺and Cd²⁺ conformed to the quasi second order kinetic equation, and the optimal adsorption capacities of Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ were 20.66 mg/g and 17.41 mg/g respectively.

A novel adsorption material of bimetallic Cu and Ni?doped TiO₂?modified carbon nanotubes was prepared by sol?gel methodmethod,and experiments on simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out.The effects of O₂ volume fraction,H₂O volume fraction and volume airspeed on desulfurization and denitrification were studied,Under the condition of a molar ratio of Cu to Ni of 2.The results showed that the adsorption capacity of MWCNTs/Cu?Ni?TiO₂ was significantly better than that of single?metal modified materials. Under the condition of simulating flue gas, the adsorption effect of the bimetallic modified material was the best when the mass concentration of SO₂ was 3 140 mg/m³, the mass concentration of NO was 736 mg/m³, the volume fraction of water vapor was 5%, the fraction of O₂ was 8%, and the volume space velocity was 2 598 h^-1. The optimal adsorption amount of SO₂ was 20.43 mg/g, and the optimal adsorption amount of NO was 0.86 mg/g.

Electrospinning can regulate fiber and membrane structures at the nanoscale, and doping graphene futher enhances the electrochemical function of nanofilms. Starting from the structure of graphene, we optimize the relationship between graphene doping ratio and nanofiber size and study the effects of electrospinning voltage, feed rate, spinning distance and time on membrane structure and electrochemical performance. Research has shown that when the graphene doping mass fraction in the nanofilm is 7%, the voltage is 24 kV, the spinning distance is 15 cm, the feed rate is 0.01 mL/min, and the time is 2 h, the diameter of the fibers in the nanofilm structure is 0.162 μm, and the impedance is 220.8 Ω. Under electrospinning conditions, the doping of graphene can control the preparation of nano films and optimize their electrochemical properties in multiple ways.

The quaternary ammonium group (QA) commonly used in conventional anion exchange membranes (AEMs) has a low dissociation constant with OH^-, resulting in poor conductivity. The crown ether group can significantly enhance the ion exchange capacity (IEC) and OH^- conduction efficiency of AEMs due to its ability to form positively charged complexes with alkali metal cations. Meanwhile, the ether bond in the crown ether ring exhibits good alkali and chemical stability. In view of the above advantages, a series of AEMs grafted with bi?crown ethers were successfully prepared by grafting dibenzo?18?crown?6?ether?modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via metastable acid. The results showed that the bi?crown ether anion?exchange membranes exhibited higher OH^-selectivity and chemical stability compared with the mono?crown ether membrane materials; the prepared AEMs exhibited good OH^- selectivity and chemical stability in terms of electrical conductivity (conductivity of 165.5 mS/cm at 80 ℃), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 47 MPa at room temperature), and alkali stability (only 4.52% decrease in conductivity after immersion in KOH at a concentration of 6 mol/L for 168 h), and the high efficiency electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen based on platinum charcoal as the anode material, and the efficiency of electrolytic reduction reached 80%.