As the regulations for the upgrading and transformation of wastewater treatment plants have become increasingly stringent, the process flow of wastewater treatment has gradually lengthened and become more complex. Addressing how to intelligently monitor operational conditions of process equipment and enhance fault management has emerged as a hot research topic due to the significant safety incidents and environmental pollution events that faults in wastewater treatment systems can cause. This paper starts by analyzing the characteristics of wastewater treatment process flows and the main types of faults. It comprehensively reviews the latest achievements and progress in fault detection and diagnosis in wastewater treatment processes both domestically and internationally. It summarizes three types of fault detection and diagnostic methods: model?based, domain experience?based, and data?driven approaches. The paper evaluates the current applications, strengths, and weaknesses of these wastewater treatment process fault detection and intelligent diagnostic methods, identifies existing problems, and anticipates future research directions in the technology of fault detection and intelligent diagnosis for wastewater treatment processes.

Traditional physical simulation method of hydraulic fracturing has certain limitations in quantitatively studying fracture morphology and dynamically monitoring fracture propagation paths. It is challenging to quantitatively evaluate the dynamic processes of fracture initiation and propagation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop digital and intelligent technologies to enhance the accuracy of hydraulic fracturing physical simulation methods. Systematically investigated the method principle, research status and development direction of digital core reconstruction, acoustic emission positioning and distributed optical fiber monitoring, explored the data acquisition, fracture reconstruction and data interpretation in the process of multi?method joint monitoring experiment, and clarified the sample preparation, method combination and application scope in hydraulic fracturing physical simulation. The characteristics of non?plane, asymmetrical and unbalanced initiation and propagation of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation are pointed out and outlooks are presented with the aim of helping researchers deeply understand the dynamic process of complex fracture expansion. Digital and intelligent hydraulic fracturing physical simulation methods are the future research trend. The research results can be used as reference for the development of hydraulic fracturing physical simulation technology, experimental scheme design.

Hydrogen is regarded as a safe and sustainable supply of clean energy, which plays a very important role in alleviating the shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of the effective ways to produce hydrogen. MoS₂ has been widely used in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction because of its low \mathrm{\Delta } G_H. This article summarizes the methods for improving the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of MoS₂, including inducing phase transition or exposing more catalytic active sites in MoS₂ through noble metal doping, and exposing more active sites or generating sulfur vacancies in MoS₂ through transition metal and non?metal doping. Meanwhile, some suggestions have been put forward to improve the catalytic performance of MoS₂.

In order to explore the microscopic mechanism of wax deposition on the pipe wall of high temperature and high?pressure condensate gas wells, this paper uses molecular dynamics simulation technology by the Materials Studio to build condensate oil system with methane, pentane, nonane,n?dodecane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, benzene and toluene,and the wax component model was built with n?octadecane, and simulate with wax content, asphaltene and scale as variables. The results show that with the increase of wax and asphaltene mass fraction, the wall wax deposition behavior can be intensified, but when the asphalt mass fraction reaches 2.0%,the wall wax deposition behavior can be inhibited.The more kinds of heteroatoms in asphaltene,the more obvious the promotion effect.When there is scale on the pipe wall, sulfate scale has a great influence on wax deposition.The understanding of microscopic mechanism provides a scientific basis for the treatment of wax deposition on the pipe wall.

This paper uses Aspen Plus software to carry out steady?state simulations of a new process for the reactive distillation of hydrogen peroxide isopropylbenzene (CHP) and subsequent refining processes for phenol and acetone. The operating pressure, feed position and number of plates of the reactive distillation column and the refining process were economically optimised with the objective of minimising the total annual cost (C_TAC). The results show that the optimal operating parameters of the process are as follows : the total number of trays of RD was 34, the number of trays in the distillation section was 27, the number of trays in the reaction section was 6, the feed position was 28, and the operating pressure was 3.0×10⁴ Pa. The total plate numbers of acetone refining tower (T101), cumene top tower (T102), tar tower (T103) and phenol refining tower (T104) were 25, 61, 23 and 22, respectively. The feed positions are 16, 45, 9 and 9, respectively. The operating pressures were 5.2×10⁴, 5.0×10³, 5.5×10⁴, 6.0×10³ Pa. The minimum C_TAC of the new process was 2 239.03×10⁴ yuan/year. At the same time, the steady?state simulation and economic optimization of the traditional CHP decomposition and subsequent phenol and acetone refining process were also carried out, and the minimum C_TAC value was 2 608.13×10⁴ yuan/year. By comparing the reactive distillation process with the traditional process, it can be seen that C_TAC can save 14.15% and energy consumption can save 9.01%.

TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites with different morphologies were prepared by precipitation separation method combined with sol?gel method using Fe(NO₃)₃?9H₂O and tetrabutyl titanate as iron and titanium sources, and HF, HAc, NH₄F, NH₃?H₂O, H₂O₂ as morphology control agents, respectively. The structure and morphology of the TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ samples were characterized by X?ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and the degradation performance of the TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites for methylene blue under UV?light irradiation condition was investigated. The results show that the NH₃?H₂O?TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposites prepared with NH₃?H₂O as the morphology control agent have the best degradation effect on MB, with a degradation rate of 82.9%, which is approximately 1.00, 1.10, 1.14, 1.15, 1.56, 3.57, 12.95 times larger than that of HF?TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ (82.5%), H₂O₂?TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ (75.7%), NH₄F?TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ (72.9%), HAc?TiO₂/Fe₂O₃ (71.8%), TiO₂ (53.1%), Fe₂O₃ (23.1%) and blank (6.4%) samples, respectively. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of its large specific surface area, spindle morphology, highest crystallinity and suitable heterojunction structure.

A waterborne polyacrylate colloid with hard core and soft shell structure was synthesized with methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomers, diacetone acrylamide (DAAM) as crosslinking monomer and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as crosslinking agent. By adjusting the glass transition temperature (T_g), the emulsion can be self?forming film without adding film forming additive at room temperature. The influence of DAAM?ADH crosslinking system on the properties of latex films was investigated. DSC and TGA analysis showed that the T_g and thermal stability of crosslinked latex films are higher than those of uncrosslinked films. When the mass ratio of DAAM in core?shell is 1∶2, the comprehensive performance of latex films is better than that distributed in core or shell alone. With the increase of DAAM content, the water absorption decreased from 18.99% to 4.38%, and the Gel Fraction increased from 79.30% to 90.84%. When the molar ratio of ADH/DAAM is 1.25, the water absorption reaches the lowest and the Gel Fraction reaches the maximum.

The solidifying point of shale oil is high, and the wax content is high and the emulsification degree of shale oil is high. As a result, it is not easy to dehydrate shale oil emulations by using the traditional thermochemical method, which is difficult to meet the export standard. High frequency pulse dehydration technology is an effective method to dehydrate, but there are few studies on the optimization of treatment parameters of shale oil produced fluid. In this study, the effect of high frequency pulse dehydration technology on Dagang shale oil emulsion was studied, and the treatment parameters were optimized. The results show that high frequency pulse dehydration technology can achieve effective demulsification of shale oil produced liquid and significantly reduce the water content of shale oil. Through the comparison and selection of treatment parameters, it is found that the increase of electric field intensity and electric field frequency is conducive to improve the dehydration efficiency. Besides, there are electric field action time, operation temperature and demulsifier concentration parameters with the best dehydration efficiency. It is proposed that under the electric field strength of 200 kV/m, electric field frequency of 5 kHz, electric field action time of 60 min, operating temperature of 75 ℃, demulsifier mass fraction of 0.010%, the water content of shale oil after dehydration is 0.48%, and the comprehensive benefit is the best. The research results provide technical support for the optimization of shale oil produced fluid treatment parameters.

This paper summarized the separation effects of different electrodialysis systems on lithium in Salt Lake, including single selective electrodialysis, ionic liquid membrane and bipolar membrane, among which ionic liquid membrane with a broad development prospect possesses the characteristics of high recognition of Li⁺, long?term stability under electrolysis and low energy consumption. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages and tendency of prospective development of different electrodialysis systems in lithium extraction from Salt Lake were analyzed, and the industrialization research on the application of electrodialysis systems for lithium extraction from Salt Lake was analyzed.