Organic polymer membranes have been widely used for wastewater treatment.Due to occurrence of irreversible membrane contamination,the replacement of the membrane after the performance decay leads to the generation of a large number of discarded membranes.How to realize the reuse of these waste polymer films has important economic and environmental value.In this study,a carbonaceous material with both ultramicroporous,mesoporous,and macroporous structures was prepared by a simple pyrolysis remodeling reaction using waste hollow fiber membranes as a template.The differences in the adsorption performance of the waste membrane?derived activated carbon and commercial activated carbon were investigated based on the structural characterizations of the carbonaceous materials.The kinetic and thermodynamic processes for the adsorption removal of typical aromatic hydrocarbon organic contaminants and antibiotics from water were investigated.It was found that the the waste membrane carbon with hierarchical pore structure had a higher removal capacity for aromatic hydrocarbon organic pollutants than commercial carbon,while the adsorption performance for antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin,carbamazepine and sulfadiazine was lower than that of commercial carbon.

The efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from contaminated water remains a challenge due to the very stable carbon?fluorine bonds in perfluorinated compounds.In this experiment,nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used to degrade PFOA,a difficult?to?degrade organic pollutant in water,and the effects of discharge parameters such as discharge atmosphere,discharge power,gas flow rate,and liquid flow rate,as well as the reaction conditions,on the removal rate of PFOA were investigated in the reaction.The experimental results showed that under the conditions of the discharge atmosphere of argon,discharge power of 11.84 W,gas flow rate of 3.33 L/min,and liquid flow rate of 0.28 L/min,DBD had a better degradation effect on PFOA,and the removal rate could reach more than 94.0% after 60 min of reaction.Combined with emission spectroscopy and free radical burst analysis,it was determined that e^-,?OH,H₂O₂, and O₃ were the main active species to break the molecular structure of PFOA and realize the efficient degradation of the reactants,and thus could provide an effective solution for the removal of PFOA in water.

The development of clean and renewable energy technologies is seen as the key to addressing energy and environmental issues.Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays key roles in storage intermittent energy,such as solar and wind,from water splitting.Recently, OER under neutral conditions receives considerable interests due to its environmental friendliness.However,the efficiency of OER under neutral environment is far below that under alkaline or acidic condition.In this review,the current researchers' understanding of the mechanism of OER under mild pH conditions is firstly outlined.Thereafter,several important characterisation techniques for in situ tracking of the electrocatalytic process of OER are presented,which is crucial to reveal the OER mechanism under neutral conditions.Moreover,an overview over catalytic materials towards neutral OER,including Co?,Ni?,and Mn?based catalysts,is provided.Finally,a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and possible strategies for promoting neutral OER is given.

The large?scale use of fossil fuels has led to excessive CO₂ emissions, resulting in a series of problems such as rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and the accumulation of diseases and pests. Using electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) to convert CO₂ into valuable chemicals and fuels has become a way to realize the carbon cycle. Over the years, good progress has been made in using metals and their oxides, carbon based materials, monatomic catalysts and other electrocatalysts for CO₂RR, but rare earth metals as "industrial vitamins" have been rarely reported for CO₂RR. This paper summarizes the application of rare earth elements as carriers, main catalysts and cocatalysts in CO₂RR, and explores the catalytic performance of rare earth materials in CO₂RR, so as to promote practical research of industrial application.

Metal?nitrogen doped carbon is an emerging class of non?precious metal electrocatalysts used in carbon dioxide reduction reactions(CO₂RR).Metal?nitrogen doped carbon is an emerging class of non?precious metal electrocatalysts in carbon dioxide reduction reactions(CO₂RR).Current preparation methods mainly use impregnation?based post?processing,which often involves multiple preparation steps and limited types of metals.In this work,an iron?copper(FeCu) and nitrogen doped carbon catalyst was prepared through a coordination competition strategy.In the preparation,4,4?bipyridine served as ligand and iron nitrate and copper chloride as metal sites to form FeCu coordination polymers,which was directly transformed into FeCu?nitrogen doped porous carbon catalysts.The physicochemical properties such as morphological structure,metal species state and pore structure were characterized by SEM,TEM,XRD and N₂ adsorption?desorption,respectively.The performance of different FeCu?nitrogen doped carbon catalysts in electrocatalytic CO₂RR to syngas was examined in a three?electrode system.The regulation of n(CO)/n(H₂) in syngas was studied by adjusting the metal composition,metal combination and pyrolysis temperature,etc.The n(CO)/n(H₂) generated in the wide potential range of -0.7 V to -1.3 V can be regulated in the range of 0.15~3.33,which can meet the supply gas ratios for important reactions such as methanol synthesis,Fischer?Tropsch reaction and syngas fermentation.

The precursor NiMoO₄ nanorod arrays were prepared on nickel foam by a hydrothermal method using ammonium molydate tetrahydrate [(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O] as the Mo source and nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O] as the Ni source, and subsequently were nitrogenized via a thermal treatment to obtain the NiMoN with rod?like array structure.The phase structure and surface morphology of the catalytic electrode material were characterized by X?ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Besides,the half?reaction oxygen evolution reaction (OER),hydrogen evolution reaction (HER),and overall water electrolysis performance of the material were evaluated by adopting various electrochemical characterizations,including linear scanning voltammetry (LSV),Tafel slope, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The test results show that the NiMoN?9 catalytic electrode material has both high OER and HER activities.The OER overpotentials for this material to reach 100.00 mA/cm² are only 293 mV and 340 mV respectively in alkaline fresh water and alkaline simulated seawater,while the corresponding HER overpotentials are 361 mV and 400 mV.In addition,the NiMoN?9 material also exhibits good activities in both water electrolysis and seawater electrolysis with the cell voltages of 2.016 V and 2.032 V respectively to obtain 100.00 mA/cm² as well as robust stabilities over 55 h.

The intrinsic flame retardant mechanism of bio?based epoxy resin containing pyridazinone structure was explored through resin ablation experiment, scanning electron microscope,X?ray photoelectron spectrometer,thermogravimetry?infrared simultaneous thermal analyzer,and other characterization methods.The results show that compared with the most commonly used petroleum?based bisphenol A epoxy resin, the resultant bio?based epoxy resin is more likely to form a large amount of intumescent carbon layer structure during combustion and release a large amount of non?combustible gases such as CO₂ and NH₃ with less combustible gases.The intrinsic flame retardant bio?based epoxy resin containing pyridazinone structure exhibits a condensed phase?gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism. This study provides new ideas for constructing high?performance intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin.

Sodium?ion batteries have become one of the research hotspots in the field of energy storage because of their advantages of low cost and high safety. This paper tried to clarify the development history of the hard carbon anode of sodium?ion batteries and address the current disadvantages of sodium?ion batteries, such as low initial coulombic efficiency, poor stability, and insufficient high magnification performance. In addition, to explore the sodium?ion storage mechanism in hard carbon, this paper used CiteSpace to visually analyze the development process of sodium?ion batteries and reviewed the research progress of performance optimization strategies for hard carbon anode in terms of material design, structure regulation, and function design and interface optimization. Furthermore, the paper summarized and discussed the existing hard carbon sodium storage mechanisms and finally prospected the development direction of the hard carbon anode of sodium?ion batteries.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) exhibit excellent performance of electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen evolution due to their variable ions within layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and large reaction surfaces.In addition,LDHs?based derivatives can equip catalysts with multiple functions and better performance,which show significant advantages and excellent application prospects in many fields.In this paper,the properties of LDHs?based lamellar structure,such as tunable property,ability to be delaminated and assembled,and structural memory effect,as well as common preparation methods involved in LDHs?based high?efficiency electrocatalysts,such as the delamination method,co?precipitation method,and hydrothermal method have been stematically analyzed.In addition,the applications of LDHs and their compound derivatives were systematically reviewed in electrocatalytic fields,including the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction by water electrolysis, the electrocatalytic oxidation reaction of ethanol,and the oxygen reduction reaction.Finally,the problems and solutions involved in LDHs materials were analyzed and predicted.

Excessive CO₂ emission caused by a large number of human activities is the main cause of global warming,so a method to effectively control the increase in CO₂ concentration is urgently needed.Currently,direct air capture is the only technology capable of achieving negative growth of carbon emissions on a large scale.Solid amine adsorbents,especially silicon?based ones, have been widely studied and used to capture CO₂ from ambient air due to their advantages of high adsorption capacity,corrosion resistance,and low energy consumption.In this paper,silicon?based solid amine adsorbents were classified according to the mode of loading,and the influence of different silicon?based supports on the adsorbent performance was summarized.At the same time,the problems encountered in the industrial application of powdered solid amine adsorbents were put forward,and the current forming methods of solid amine adsorbents were sorted out.Finally,it is pointed out that the development of formed solid amine adsorbents with high adsorption capacity and high stability is the future trend of CO₂ adsorbent industrialization.

Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ anodes coated with N?doped carbon from dopamine hydrochloride were synthesized via a high?temperature solid?state method.Some Ti⁴⁺ ions were reduced to Ti³⁺ ions during synthesis,which enabled the co?modification of coating and doping.The modification method can enhance the ion diffusion coefficients and reduce the charge?transfer resistance.In the rate performance tests at 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 A/g,the specific capacities of N?doped carbon?coated Li₂ZnTi₃O₈(Li₂ZnTi₃O₈@C?N?2) are over 240.0，220.0，210.0，200.0，190.0，180.0 mA ? h/g,respectively.In addition,the electrochemical performance of this material at a low temperature was also studied.The results show that the Li₂ZnTi₃O₈@C?N?2 sample has much higher discharge specific capacities than those of unmodified Li₂ZnTi₃O₈ anode material at 0 ℃.The initial discharge specific capacity is 262.5 mA ? h/g at 0.2 A/g,and the discharge specific capacity of 241.7 mA ? h/g is still obtained after 300 cycles.Even at 1.0 A/g,the discharge specific capacity is kept at 147.4 mA ? h/g after 300 cycles.

Against the background of fossil fuel exhaustion and lithium resources shortage,sodium?ion batteries are considered promising secondary batteries due to their abundant resources,low theoretical cost, good quick?charge performance and excellent low?temperature performance.They are expected to play a key role in developing new energy,large?scale energy storage and low?speed electric vehicles.The selected cathode material is one of the important factors influencing the energy density,cycling performance and rate performance of a sodium?ion battery.This paper reviews the cathode materials of sodium?ion batteries,including transition metal oxides, polyanionic compounds,Prussian blue compounds and organic compounds.The paper introduced the advantages and disadvantages of sodium?ion batteries,analyzed the characteristics and research focuses of various cathode materials,and provided an outlook on the development direction of cathode materials for sodium?ion batteries.

The precursor was prepared by sol?gel method using ammonium molydate tetrahydrate [(NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O] as molybdenum source,nickle nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O] as nickel source and H₃PO₄ as phosphorus source.NiMoP/C composites were then prepared by a following CVD (chemical vapor deposition) method.The physical and chemical properties of NiMoP/C composites were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS,Raman,N₂?adsorption desorption and other test techniques. Meanwhile,the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of the NiMoP/C composite material was measured by CV,LSV, EIS,etc.The results show that the NiMoP/C composite material has high electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance with overpotential of -158 mV at the current density of -10 mA/cm² and Tafel slope of 111 mV/dec. So the NiMoP/C material is an excellent anode material suitable for electrolyzing water in acidic media due to its simply electrode preparation process preparation method.

Ppb amount of SO₂ in air will react with cathode material of solid oxide fuel cell, inducing decrease of the cell/stack performance as one of the most effective factors.The sulfur poisoning behavior of (La_0.6Sr_0.4) (Co_0.2Fe_0.8)O₃(LSCF) and A?site deficient (La_0.6Sr_0.4)_0.85(Co_0.2Fe_0.8)O₃(LSCF85) was investigated after exposure to 30 μg/g SO₂ at 800 ℃ for 50 h.The products of the reaction were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDX to evaluate the effect of A?site defects on the sulfur poisoning behavior of perovskite ferrite based solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials. It was found that A?site defect in LSCF85 can suppress the chemical reaction between LSCF based cathode and SO₂. It was ascribed to the low Sr reaction activity with SO₂ caused by the existence of A?site defect.

The Mn?Zr composite oxides were prepared by co?precipitation,loading with noble metals(Ru,Pd,Pt) on the surfaces by a following impregnation method.The effects of noble metals on catalytic combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) were further investigated.The structure and chemical state,the oxidation?reduction ability and acidity,the distribution of acid over the noble metal loading catalysts were studied.Noble metals exist in the form of oxidation state on catalyst surface to promote the reduction of Mn?Zr composite oxides and improve the redox ability of the catalysts. In addition,noble metals not only increased total acid amount but also changed the distribution of Br?nsted and Lewis acid centers on catalyst surface.Therefore, the noble metal made the completely VC conversion temperature shift to lower temperature.However,the activities of noble metals for catalytic combustion of VC varied with the kind of noble metal.Among them,Ru had the more positively activity enhancement than that of Pd and Pt.The catalytic temperatures were 206 and 243 °C, when the VC conversion over Ru/MZ(Ru/Mn_0.7Zr_0.3O_x) reached to 50% (t₅₀) and 90% (t₉₀),respectively,which were 69 and 71 °C lower than that using Mn?Zr composite oxide.Meanwhile,the loading of noble metals also changed the composition of chlorinated by?products and reduced their concentration.The total concentration of chlorinated by?products over Ru/MZ catalyst was only 5.7 μL/L with 90% VC conversion rate,which was 70% lower than MZ composite oxide at the same conversion rate.

The hierarchical zeolite has become a hotspot in the current molecular sieve research field due to its advantages of efficient mass transfer and shape selection catalysis.The unclear mass transfer optimization mechanism has become a bottleneck restricting the design and development of hierarchical zeolite.This paper briefly introduces recent research and development status of the hierarchical zeolite,reviewes with emphasis the research progress in mass transfer mechanism of Hierarchical zeolite,the current research challenges and the analysis of current research strategy etc,and discussed the significance of mass transfer mechanism in the research and development of graded porous molecular sieve materials and the prospect of future development.

Photocatalysis is one of the important methods to solve the current environmental pollution and energy crisis. However, the photocatalytic efficiency of most photocatalysts is still low. Improving the separation of photogenerated charges is an effective way to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency. Firstly, the paper summarizes the photocatalysis mechanism, and then reviews the effects of built⁃in electric field in semiconductor p⁃n junction, heterophase junctions, polarized surfaces and ferroelectric material polarization on separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic performance, based on the recent domestic and international research progress in improving the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges. Finally, the future development of built⁃in electric field in photocatalysis is prospected.